Uso del método de resistografía para la predicción de la densidad básica de la madera en árboles en pie de Pinus radiata

Authors

  • Cristián Barría
  • Simón Sandoval
  • Gerson Rojas

Keywords:

Evaluación no destructiva, modelo estadístico, métodos no destructivos, pino radiata, propiedades de la madera, Non-destructive evaluation, non-destructive methods, radiate pine, statistical model, wood properties.

Abstract

El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar modelos de estimación de la densidad básica de la madera a nivel de árbol completo y a diferentes alturas de árboles de Pinus radiata, a partir de la resistencia de la madera medida con el resistógrafo, a la altura del pecho a 1,3 m sobre el nivel suelo (DAP). Se utilizó una muestra de 29 árboles de 15 años de edad, obtenidos al azar, en un ensayo clonal establecido en la Región del Bío-Bío, Chile. Para cada árbol, en seis diferentes alturas relativas del fuste, se determinó la resistencia de la madera y la densidad básica, a partir de 174 mediciones realizadas con el resistógrafo y en muestras de rodelas. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que tanto la densidad básica como la resistencia de la madera disminuyeron significativamente en función de la altura del árbol, en la dirección base y altura comercial, en un 16,8% y 38,5%, respectivamente. Los valores de resistencia media determinados al DAP, presentaron una variación entre árboles de 11% y 19%. Se generó un modelo que estima la densidad básica a nivel de árbol completo utilizando como única variable predictora la resistencia media de la madera medida al DAP, con un error de estimación de 11,9 kg/m3, el cual no disminuye al incorporar variables de estado de árbol (DAP y HT). A partir de este modelo se generó un método para estimar la densidad básica en diferentes secciones del árbol.

The objective of this research was to develop models for estimation of the basic density of wood at full tree level and at different heights of Pinus radiata standing trees, measured from the wood resistance using the resistography at DBH level. A sample of 29 trees of 15 years old was used for the experiment. The trees were selected in a clonal field test established in the Bío-Bío Region, Chile. For each tree, 174 measurements were made with the resistograph and wood disks were obtained to determine the wood resistance and the basic density at six different relative heights of the stem. As a result, a significant decrease of the basic density and resistance of the wood was observed, from the base to the apex of the trees, with values of 16,8% and 38,5% of decrease, respectively for each variable. The average for the resistance values determined at DBH varied between 11% and 19% among the measured trees. A prediction model was generated to estimate the basic density at the tree level using the average resistance of the wood measured to the DBH. The adjustment parameters of the model was a root mean square error value of 11,9 kg/m3, which did not decrease when other variables of tree (DBH or total height) were incorporated. As a main conclusion, a new method to estimate the wood basic density at different sections of the tree was generated using the adjusted model.

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How to Cite

Barría, C., Sandoval, S., & Rojas, G. (2017). Uso del método de resistografía para la predicción de la densidad básica de la madera en árboles en pie de Pinus radiata. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol, 19(3), 349–362. Retrieved from https://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/MCT/article/view/2889

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