Micro-mechanical properties of oak wood and comparison with standard-sized samples
Keywords:
Mechanical properties, micro-size test, Quercus petraea, standard-size test, wood qualityAbstract
The aim of this study was to investigate micro-mechanical properties of Oak (Quercus petraea) wood and to compare with standard-size test specimens values. Bending strength, modulus of elasticity in bending, compression strength and tensile strength were determined using micro- and standard-size mechanical test samples. In the micro- and standard size samples, bending strengths were evaluated as 71,2 MPa and 99,4 MPa, modulus of elasticity in bending as 2741,3 MPa and 11394,1 MPa tensile strengths as 98,7 MPa and 93,8 MPa and compression strengths as 45,4 MPa and 46,6 MPa respectively.
The results showed that the bending strength, modulus of elasticity and compression strength of the micro-size samples were lower compared to the standard-size samples, while the tensile strength was higher in the micro-size samples. The compression strength values of micro- and standard-size samples were not significantly different. The regression analyses indicated a positive linear regression between the mechanical properties of micro- and standard-size samples. Micro-size specimens can be used to estimate the mechanical properties of Oak wood when obtaining standard-size specimens is not possible.
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References
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Buyuksari, U.; As, N.; Dundar, T.; Sayan, E. 2016. Comparison of micro- and standard-size specimens in evaluating the flexural properties of scots pine wood. Bioresources 11(4): 10540-10548.
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International Organization for Standardization. ISO. 2014. Physical and mechanical properties of wood -- Test methods for small clear wood specimens -- Part 6: Determination of ultimate tensile stress parallel to grain. International Organization for Standardization, ISO 13061-6. Geneva, Switzerland.
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Jeong, G.Y.; Hindman, D.P.; Finkenbinder, D.; Lee, J.N.; Lin, Z. 2008. Effect of loading rate and thickness on the tensile properties of wood strands. Forest Prod J 58(10): 33-37.
Jeong, G.Y.; Zink-Sharp, A.; Hindman, D.P. 2009. Tensile properties of earlywood and latewood from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) using digital image correlation. Wood Fiber Sci 41(1): 51-63.
Kohan, N.; Via, B.K.; Taylor, S. 2012. A Comparison of Geometry Effect on Tensile Testing of Wood Strands. Forest Prod J 62(3): 167-170.
Kretschmann, D.E.; Cramer, S.M.; Lakes, R.; Schmidt, T. 2006. Selected mesostructure properties in loblolly pine from Arkansas plantations. In: Stokke, D.D., Groom, L.H. (eds.), Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall. Blackwell, Oxford, UK, pp. 149-170.
Madsen, B.; Buchanan, A.H. 1986. Size effects in timber explained by a modified weakest link theory. Can J Civil Eng 13(2): 218-232.
Mott, L.; Groom, L.; Shaler, S. 2002. Mechanical properties of individual southern pine fibers. Part II. Comparison of earlywood and latewood fibers with respect to tree height and juvenility. Wood Fiber Sci 34(2): 221 – 237.
Plagemann, W.L. 1982. The response of hardwood flakes and flakeboard to high temperature drying. Master’s thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Price, E.W. 1976. Determining tensile properties of sweetgum veneer flakes. Forest Prod J 26(10): 50-53.
Schlotzhauer, P.; Nelis, P.A.; Bollmus, S.; Gellerich, A.; Militz, H.; Seim, W. 2015. Effect of size and geometry on strength values and MOE of selected hardwood species. Wood Material Science & Engineering DOI: 10.1080/17480272.2015.1073175
Schneeweiß, G. 1964. Compressive strength and Hoeffgen Hardness. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 22 (7): 258-264.
Schneeweiß, G.; Felber, S. 2013. Review on the bending strength of wood and influencing factors. American Journal of Materials Science 3 (3): 41-45.
Weibull, W. 1951. A statistical distribution function of wide applicability. J Appl Mech 18: 293-297.
Wu, Q.; Cai, Z.; Lee, J.N. 2005. Tensile and dimensional properties of wood strands made from plantation southern pine lumber. Forest Prod J 52(2): 1-6.
Zink-Sharp, A.G.; Price, C. 2006. Compression strength parallel to the grain within growth rings of low density hardwoods. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 8(2): 117-126.
Buyuksari, U.; As, N.; Dundar, T.; Sayan, E. 2016. Comparison of micro- and standard-size specimens in evaluating the flexural properties of scots pine wood. Bioresources 11(4): 10540-10548.
Cai, Z.; Wu, Q.; Han, G.; Lee J.N. 2007. Tensile and thickness swelling properties of strands from Southern hardwoods and Southern pine: Effect of hot-pressing and resin application. Forest Products Journal 57(5): 36-40.
Deomano, E.C. 2001. Mechanism of Flake Drying and Its Correlation to Quality, Ph. D. Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA.
Deomano, E.C.; Zink-Sharp, A. 2004. Bending properties of wood flakes of three southern species. Wood Fiber Sci 36(4): 493-499.
Green, D.W.; Winandy, J.E.; Kretschmann, D.E. 1999. Mechanical properties of wood. In: Wood Handbook-Wood as an engineering material. Gen. Tech. Rep. FPL–GTR–113. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory: Madison, WI, p. 463.
Groom, L.; Shaler, S.; Mott, L. 2002. Mechanical properties of individual southern pine fibers. Part III. Global relationships between fiber properties and fiber location within an individual tree. Wood Fiber Sci 34(2): 238-250.
Hindman, D.P.; Lee, J.N. 2007. Modeling wood strands as multi-layer composites: bending and tension loads. Wood Fiber Sci 39(4): 516-526.
Hunt, M.O.; Triche, M.H.; Mccabe, G.P.; Hoover, W.L. 1989. Tensile properties of yellowpoplar veneer strands. Forest Prod J 39(9): 31-33.
International Organization for Standardization. ISO. 2014. Physical and mechanical properties of wood -- Test methods for small clear wood specimens -- Part 3: Determination of ultimate strength in static bending. ISO 13061-3. Geneva, Switzerland.
International Organization for Standardization. ISO. 2014. Physical and mechanical properties of wood -- Test methods for small clear wood specimens -- Part 4: Determination of modulus of elasticity in static bending. ISO 13061-4. Geneva, Switzerland.
International Organization for Standardization. ISO. 2014. Physical and mechanical properties of wood -- Test methods for small clear wood specimens -- Part 6: Determination of ultimate tensile stress parallel to grain. International Organization for Standardization, ISO 13061-6. Geneva, Switzerland.
International Organization for Standardization. ISO. 2014. Physical and mechanical properties of wood -- Test methods for small clear wood specimens -- Part 17: Determination of ultimate stress in compression parallel to grain. ISO/DIS 13061-17. Geneva, Switzerland.
Jeong, G.Y. 2008. Tensile properties of loblolly pine strands using digital image correlation and stochastic finite element method. Ph.D. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Jeong, G.Y.; Hindman, D.P.; Finkenbinder, D.; Lee, J.N.; Lin, Z. 2008. Effect of loading rate and thickness on the tensile properties of wood strands. Forest Prod J 58(10): 33-37.
Jeong, G.Y.; Zink-Sharp, A.; Hindman, D.P. 2009. Tensile properties of earlywood and latewood from loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) using digital image correlation. Wood Fiber Sci 41(1): 51-63.
Kohan, N.; Via, B.K.; Taylor, S. 2012. A Comparison of Geometry Effect on Tensile Testing of Wood Strands. Forest Prod J 62(3): 167-170.
Kretschmann, D.E.; Cramer, S.M.; Lakes, R.; Schmidt, T. 2006. Selected mesostructure properties in loblolly pine from Arkansas plantations. In: Stokke, D.D., Groom, L.H. (eds.), Characterization of the Cellulosic Cell Wall. Blackwell, Oxford, UK, pp. 149-170.
Madsen, B.; Buchanan, A.H. 1986. Size effects in timber explained by a modified weakest link theory. Can J Civil Eng 13(2): 218-232.
Mott, L.; Groom, L.; Shaler, S. 2002. Mechanical properties of individual southern pine fibers. Part II. Comparison of earlywood and latewood fibers with respect to tree height and juvenility. Wood Fiber Sci 34(2): 221 – 237.
Plagemann, W.L. 1982. The response of hardwood flakes and flakeboard to high temperature drying. Master’s thesis, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
Price, E.W. 1976. Determining tensile properties of sweetgum veneer flakes. Forest Prod J 26(10): 50-53.
Schlotzhauer, P.; Nelis, P.A.; Bollmus, S.; Gellerich, A.; Militz, H.; Seim, W. 2015. Effect of size and geometry on strength values and MOE of selected hardwood species. Wood Material Science & Engineering DOI: 10.1080/17480272.2015.1073175
Schneeweiß, G. 1964. Compressive strength and Hoeffgen Hardness. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 22 (7): 258-264.
Schneeweiß, G.; Felber, S. 2013. Review on the bending strength of wood and influencing factors. American Journal of Materials Science 3 (3): 41-45.
Weibull, W. 1951. A statistical distribution function of wide applicability. J Appl Mech 18: 293-297.
Wu, Q.; Cai, Z.; Lee, J.N. 2005. Tensile and dimensional properties of wood strands made from plantation southern pine lumber. Forest Prod J 52(2): 1-6.
Zink-Sharp, A.G.; Price, C. 2006. Compression strength parallel to the grain within growth rings of low density hardwoods. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 8(2): 117-126.
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Published
2017-10-01
How to Cite
Büyüksarı, Ümit, As, N., Dündar, T., & Korkmaz, O. (2017). Micro-mechanical properties of oak wood and comparison with standard-sized samples. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol, 19(4), 481–494. Retrieved from https://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/MCT/article/view/2987
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