Análisis paramétrico validado mediante mediciones en terreno del confort térmico exterior en estacionamientos en Tiruchirappalli, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2026.16.01.07Palabras clave:
confort térmico exterior, índice universal de clima térmico (UTCI), albedo superficialResumen
La rápida urbanización en ciudades de clima cálido-húmedo ha intensificado el estrés térmico en los estacionamientos con superficies impermeables. Este estudio evalúa la influencia combinada del albedo superficial, del Índice de Reflectancia Solar (SRI, por su sigla en inglés) de la cubierta, de la cobertura vegetal y de la orientación sobre el confort térmico exterior en Tiruchirappalli, India, mediante mediciones en terreno y simulaciones microclimáticas. Este tipo de mediciones, realizadas en tres tipologías de estacionamiento, se utilizaron para validar simulaciones con ENVI-met (R² = 0.931 para MRT). Una matriz paramétrica generó treinta y dos iteraciones de diseño en cuatro orientaciones. Los resultados indican que la temperatura radiante media es el principal factor del disconfort térmico. El aumento del albedo superficial y del SRI de la cubierta no redujo de forma consistente el UTCI debido a los efectos de la radiación reflejada. En contraste, una cobertura vegetal del 60 % redujo significativamente el estrés térmico máximo en todas las orientaciones. La orientación este–oeste intensificó la acumulación de calor por la tarde, mientras que la orientación noroeste–sudeste moderó el estrés térmico máximo. La configuración óptima del albedo de 0,2, SRI de 30 y vegetación al 60% en la orientación noroeste-sureste produjo el UTCI medio más bajo (32,49 °C).
Descargas
Referencias
ABDELWAHAB, R. A., FEKRY, A. A., & HAMED, R.E.-D. (2025). The effective landscape design parameters with high reflective hardscapes: guidelines for optimizing human thermal comfort in outdoor spaces by design -a case on hot arid climate weather. Computational Urban Science, 5,28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43762-025-00186-w
AUSTIN, D., SOLANO, T., & CHEN AUSTIN, M. (2025). Synergistic Effects of Bioclimatic Strategies on Microclimate Improvement: A Numerical–Experimental Study at University Campus Scale. Sustainability, 17(19), 8867. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17198867
CALHOUN, Z.D., WILLARD, F., GE, C., RODRIGUEZ, C., BERGIN, M., & CARLSON, D. (2024). Estimating the effects of vegetation and increased albedo on the urban heat island effect with spatial causal inference. Scientific Reports, 14, 540. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-50981-w
CHEN, W.-A., FANG, P.-L., & HWANG, R.-L. (2025). Calibrating the UTCI scale for hot and humid climates through comprehensive year-round field surveys to improve the adaptability. Urban Climate, 59, 102267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2024.102267
DEEPTHI, S., SUDALAIMANI, K., RADHAKRISHNAN, S. P., & RADHAKRISHNAN, S. (2024). Evaluating urban heat island to achieve sustainable development goals: A case study of Tiruchirappalli city, India. Sustainable Cities and Society, 116, 105865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2024.105865
GHENAI, C., REJEB, O., SINCLAIR, T., ALMARZOUQI, N., ALHANAEE, N., & ROSSI, F. (2023). Evaluation and thermal performance of cool pavement under desert weather conditions: Surface albedo enhancement and carbon emissions offset. Case Studies in Construction Materials, 18, e01940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e01940
GHONIEM, M., FAHMY, A., & KAMEL, T. M. (2025). Evaluating urban surface materials: Albedo optimization and shading for pedestrian thermal comfort in hot-arid environments. Civil Engineering and Architecture, 13(6), 4331–4352. https://doi.org/10.13189/cea.2025.130616
GIDEY, E., & MHANGARA, P. (2025). Improving spatial modeling framework to assess the impact of vegetation cover, water content, and surface temperature on urban heat island effects in Johannesburg, South Africa. Discover Environment, 3(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44274-025-00264-0
HE, Q., & REITH, A. (2023). A study on the impact of green infrastructure on microclimate and thermal comfort. Pollack Periodica, 18(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1556/606.2022.00668
HUANG, C., LIU, K., MA, T., XUE, H., WANG. P., & LI, L. (2025). Analysis of the impact mechanisms and driving factors of urban spatial morphology on urban heat islands. Scientific Reports, 15, 18589. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04025-0
JANDAGHIAN, Z., LACASSE, M., & GAUR, A. (2025). Solar Reflectance Index of Building Envelope Materials: A Comparative Review of North American and European Standards and Long-Term Performance. Buildings, 15(6), 888. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15060888
KAFY, A. A., ALSULAMY, S., & ALSALEH, A. M. (2026). Escalating heat hazard risk in arid urban environments: A two-decade assessment of thermal stress patterns and health risks using UTCI and WBGT indices in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Natural Hazards, 122, 156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-025-07930-9
KAUSHIK S., A. S., & AMRAOTKAR, S. (2026). Analyzing the effects of orientation, window size and position on solar heat gain for four Indian cities. Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 20, 26040001. https://doi.org/10.69598/sehs.20.26040001
LIN, P., SONG, D., & QIN, H. (2021). Impact of parking and greening design strategies on summertime outdoor thermal condition in old mid-rise residential estates. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 63, 127200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127200
NUTAKKI, T.U.K., KAZIM, W.U., ALAMARA, K., SALAMEH, T., & ABDELKAREEM, M.A. (2023). Experimental Investigation on Aging and Energy Savings Evaluation of High Solar Reflective Index (SRI) Paints: A Case Study on Residential Households in the GCC Region. Buildings,13(2), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020419
PACHAURI, R., & KAUSHIK S., A. S. (2025). A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of glazed and open balconies in low-rise residences in moderate climates via field measurements and simulations. Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 19, 25040004. https://doi.org/10.69598/sehs.19.25040004
PARISON, S., CHAUMONT, M., KOUNKOU-ARNAUD, R., LONG, F., BERNIK, A., DA SILVA, M., & HENDEL M. (2023). The effects of greening a parking lot as a heat mitigation strategy on outdoor thermal stress using fixed and mobile measurements: case-study project “tertiary forest.” Sustainable Cities and Society, 98,104818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104818
PATEL, P., & KAUSHIK, A. S. (2023). The impact of microclimate on energy performance of office buildings within urban contexts located in a composite climate, the city of Indore. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1210, 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1210/1/012007
PATTNAIK, N., RAHMAN, M. A., & PAULEIT, S. (2025). Urban vegetation structure and composition influence pedestrian thermal comfort in public spaces: A case study in Munich. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 114, 129162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2025.129162
PETER, A., & KAUSHIK, S. A. S. (2024). A study on the impact of courtyard vegetation on its thermal comfort performance in an educational building of warm and humid climates. Science, Engineering and Health Studies, 18, 24040011. https://doi.org/10.69598/sehs.18.24040011
RACHIDI, A., MOUNIR, S. H., SGHIR, S., & LEBAUT, S. (2026). Urban albedo interventions reshape thermal comfort: A multiscale analysis of heat island, comfort, and energy effects in semi-arid Marrakesh. Sustainable Cities and Society, 136, 107090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.107090
RODRIGUEZ, A., WOOD, S., CARMELIET, J., KUBILAY, A., & DEROME, D. (2025). Local impact of trees on thermal comfort of pedestrians in streets. Urban Climate, 61, 102417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2025.102417
SEN, S., FERNANDEZ, J.P.R.M.-R., & ROESLER, J. (2020). Reflective Parking Lots for Microscale Urban Heat Island Mitigation. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2674(8). 663–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120919401
SILVA NASCIMENTO, A. D., SILVA, L.V.A.D., LISBOA, M.A.N., OLIVEIRA SILVA, A.D., RODRIGUES FERREIRA, M.F., SILVA, S.C.F.D., MELO, M.J.V.D., SILVA, A.C.V.D., & JÚNIOR, J. T. C. (2025). How do visitors perceive the urban greenery microclimate in the city’s only green space? A case study in Brazilian semi-arid. Environmental Development, 56, 101244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101244
TALEGHANI, M. (2018). The impact of increasing urban surface albedo on outdoor summer thermal comfort within a university campus. Urban Climate, 24, 175–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2018.03.001
WEI, Y.-Y., CHENG, C.Y., & LIN, T.-P. (2025). The influence of trees shade level on human thermal comfort and the development of applied assessment tools. Landscape and Urban Planning, 263, 105436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2025.105436
WANG, C., ZHAN, W., LIU, Z., LI, J., LI, L., FU, P., HUANG, F., LAI, J., CHEN, J., HONG, F., & JIANG, S. (2020). Satellite-based mapping of the Universal Thermal Climate Index over the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Journal of Cleaner Production, 277, 123830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123830
ZHANG, T., FU, X., QI, F., SHEN, Y., XU, P., TAO, Y., LIU, T., & SONG, Y. (2025). Optimizing pedestrian thermal comfort in urban street canyons for summer and winter: Tree planting or low-albedo pavements? Sustainable Cities and Society, 120, 106143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106143
Descargas
Publicado
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Amalan-Sigmund Kaushik-S., Gopalakrishnan Padmanaban, Subbaiyan Gnanasambandam
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0.
El contenido de los artículos que se publican en cada número de Hábitat Sustentable, es responsabilidad exclusiva de los autores y no representan necesariamente el pensamiento ni comprometen la opinión de la Universidad del Bío-Bío.
Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de Reconocimiento de Creative Commons CC BY-SA que permite a otros compartir-copiar, transformar o crear nuevo material a partir de esta obra con fines no comerciales, siempre y cuando se reconozcan la autoría y la primera publicación en esta revista, y sus nuevas creaciones estén bajo una licencia con los mismos términos.
Programa de Información Científica/Concurso Fondos de Publicación de Revistas Científicas 2018/ Proyecto Mejoramiento de Visibilidad de Revistas UBB (Código:FP180007) 
