Efecto del solvente y de la relación masa/solvente, sobre la extracción de compuestos fenólicos y la capacidad antioxidante de extractos de corteza de Pinus durangensis y Quercus sideroxyla
Keywords:
Compuestos bioactivos, corteza, fenoles, flavonoides, proantocianidina, Bioactive content, cork, flavonoid, phenolic compounds, proanthocyanidin.Abstract
En la búsqueda de compuestos bioactivos de las plantas, la corteza de especies maderables es un subproducto promisorio, ya que contiene compuestos fenólicos de interés terapéutico. La extracción de estos metabolitos depende del disolvente que se utilice y de variables aplicadas en el proceso. Para un fin terapéutico, la medicina tradicional utiliza únicamente mezclas de etanol y agua. Se realizaron extracciones de la corteza de Pinus durangensis y Quercus sideroxyla, bajo un diseño experimental 2x3x3 para estudiar el efecto de soluciones hidroetanólicas 20, 50 y 80%, y la relación masa a extraer/volumen de disolvente 1/10, 1/20 y 1/30 sobre el rendimiento en sólidos, donde 28,72 ±0,9% correspondió a Pinus durangensis (PdE50-1/20) y 24,95±1,2% para Quercus sideroxyla (QsE50-1/30), la máxima concentración de fenoles totales se obtuvo con etanol 80%- 1/10 en ambas especies (PdE80- 1/10 con 712,36±13,4 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico (GAE)/g) y QsE80-1/10 de 592,97±10,6 (GAE/g), mientras que la capacidad antioxidante evaluada mediante las técnicas de DPPH, ABTS y FRAP, mostró que PdE20-1/30 y QsE50-1/10, tuvieron la mayor actividad. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas (p<0,05) entre los tratamientos aplicados.
La concentración de etanol tuvo mayor efecto que la relación masa/volumen de extracción. Pinus durangensis contiene mayor concentración de fenoles y de flavonoides, respecto a Quercus sideroxyla, mientras que la cantidad de proantocianidinas es similar en ambas especies. Los flavonoides de Pinus durangensis son principalmente de tipo flavanona y flavonol, mientras que Quercus sideroxyla contiene ácido gálico y flavan-3-ol (catequinas).
Bark from timber species might be a promising target of therapeutical interest due to its content of bioactive, phenolic compounds. However, the extraction efficiency of these metabolites depends on the type of solvent chosen and the process variables analyzed. Traditional medicine only uses ethanol and water mixtures for therapeutical purposes. Therefore, in this study extractions of Pinus durangensis and Quercus sideroxyla bark were realized. In order to study the effect of the hydroethanolic solutions of 20, 50 and 80% and the relation mass/solvent volume ratio of 1/10, 1/20 and 1/30, an experiment design of 2x3x3 was followed, over the extract yield; where 28,72 ±0,9% corresponded to P. durangensis (PdE50-1/20) and 24,95±1,2% to Q. sideroxyla (QsE50-1/30). The highest content of phenolic compounds was obtained with ethanol 80%-1/10 in both species (PdE80-1/10 with 712,36±13,4 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and QsE80-1/10 of 592,97±10,6 (GAE/g); while the antioxidant capacity evaluated through DPPH, ABTS and FRAP showed that PdE20-1/30 and QsE50-1/10 presented the strongest activity. Significant statistical differences (p<0,05) were found among the treatments analyzed. The ethanol concentration had a higher effect than the relation mass/solvent volume ratio. More importantly, P. durangensis showed the highest phenol and flavonoid concentration respect to Q. sideroxyla. However, the proanthocyanidin amount was similar in both species. Finally, the flavonoid content of P. durangensis is mainly composed by flavanone and flavonol type compounds, while Q. sideroxyla contains gallic acid and flavan-3-ol (catechins).
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References
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