Fractioning of bark of Pinus pinea by milling and chemical characterization of the different fractions

Authors

  • Isabel Miranda
  • Inês Mirra
  • Jorge Gominho
  • Helena Pereira

Keywords:

Extractives, holocellulose, lignin, particle size, Stone pine.

Abstract

The bark of stone pine (Pinus pinea) from 50 year old trees grown in Portugal was submitted to grinding and fractioning into different particles sizes. The trees had a thick bark with an average 3,7 cm constituted mainly by the periderm and rhytidome (3,2 cm).The bark fractured easily into particles: yield of fines was low, and 74,0% of the particles were over 2 mm. The chemical composition, as a mass weighed average of all granulometric fractions showed a content of 1,1% ash 20,6% extractives (91% of which polar extractives) 2,2% suberin, 43,0% lignin and 37,6% holocellulose. The percentage of material dissolved by extraction with 1% NaOH was 42,3%. The chemical characterization of the different granulometric fractions showed that extractives were present preferentially in the finest fractions (<80 mesh and 60-80 mesh), representing 34-35%, particularly with enrichment in ethanol soluble extractives, that also showed lower content of lignin. The coarser fractions contained higher proportions of lignin and holocellulose. P. pinea bark grinding and fractionation by particle size may be used to selectively enrich the finest fractions in soluble materials, while the coarser fractions tend to have higher holocellulose content and will be therefore more suitable for carbohydrate related uses.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akyuz, M.; Sahin, A.; Alma, A.; Bektap, I.; Usta, A. 2003. Conversion of tree bark into bakelitelike thermosetting materials by phenolation. In: XII World Forest Congress. Québec City Canada. 0425-A1

BDN. 2008. Annual forestry statistics. Gobierno de España, Madrid. [Available at]

Bridgeman, T.G.; Darvell, L.I.; Jones, J.M.; Williams, P.T.; Fahmi, R.; Bridgwater, A.V.; Barraclough, T.; Shield, I.; Yates, N.; Thain, S.C.; Donnison, I.S. 2007. Influence of particle size on the analytical and chemical properties of two energy crops. Fuel 86(1-2):60-72.

Chundawat, S.P.S.; Venkatesh, B.; Dale, B.E. 2007. Effect of particle size based separation of milled corn stover on AFEX pretreatment and enzymatic digestibility. Biotechnology Bioengineering 96(2):219-231.

Correia, A.C.; Tomé, M.; Pacheco, C.A.; Faias, S.; Dias, A.C.; Freire, J.; Carvalho, P.O.; Pereira, J.S. 2010. Biomass allometry and carbon factors for a Mediterranean pine (Pinus pinea L.) in Portugal. Forest Systems 19(3):418-433.

Fradinho, D.M.; Pascoal Neto, C.; Evtuguin, D.; Jorge, F.C.; Irle, M.A.; Gil, M.H.; Pedrosa de Jesus, J. 2002. Chemical characterization of bark and of alkaline bark extracts from maritime pine grown in Portugal. Industrial Crops and Products 16:23-32.

Franceschi, V.R.; Krokene, P.; Christiansen, E.; Krekling, T. 2005. Anatomical and chemical defenses of conifer bark against bark beetles and other pests. New Phytologist 167:353-376.

Harju, L.; Saarela, K.E.; Rajander, J.; Lill, J.O.; Lindroos, A.; Heselius, S.J. 2002. Environmental monitoring of trace elements in bark of Scots pine by thick-target PIXE. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B 189:163-167.

ICNF. National Forest Inventory Continental Portugal. 2013. ICNF 2013. Inventário Florestal Nacional (Portugal Continental) Lisboa, Portugal. Available at <http://www.icnf.pt/portal/florestas/ifn/ ifn6>.

Kofujita, H.; Ettyu, K.; Ota, M. 1999. Characterization of the major components in bark from five Japanese tree species for chemical utilization. Wood Science and Technology 33:223-228.

Liu, X.; Bi, X.T. 2011. Removal of inorganic constituents from pine barks and switch grass. Fuel Processing Technology 92(7):1273-1279.

Loewe, V.M.; Delard, C.R.; Venegas, A.G. 2011. Pine nut (Pinus pinea L.) production, an alternative for temperate areas. APANews; FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 39:4-7.

Miranda, I.; Gominho, J.; Mirra, I.; Pereira, H. 2012. Chemical characterization of barks from Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris after fractioning into different particle sizes. Industrial Crops and Products 36:395-400.

Miranda, I.; Gominho, J.; Mirra, I.; Pereira, H. 2013. Fractioning and chemical characterization of barks of Betula pendula and Eucalyptus globulus. Industrial Crops and Products 41: 299-305.

Moya-Villablanca, C.; Oses-Pedraza, R.; Poblete-Wilson, H.; Valenzuela-Hurtado, L. 2013. Effects of wood and bark flour content of Pinus radiata on the accelerated decay of wood-plastic composites. Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnología 16(3):37-48.

Nunes, E.; Quilho, T.; Pereira, H. 1996. Anatomy and chemical composition of Pinus pinaster bark. IAWA Journal 17(2):141-149.

Nunes, E.; Quilhó, T.; Pereira, H. 1999. Anatomy and chemical composition of Pinus pinea. L. bark. Annals of Forest Science 56:479-484.

Ottone, S.; Baldwin, R.C. 1981. The relationship of extractive content to particle size distribution In milled yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) bark. Wood and Fiber Science 13(2):74-85.

Pereira, H. 1988. Variability in the chemical composition of plantation eucalypts (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.). Wood and Fiber Science 20(1):82-90.

Rigolot, E. 2004. Predicting postfire mortality of Pinus halepensis Mill. and Pinus pinea L. Plant Ecology 171:139-151.

Rowell, R.M. 2005. Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites. CRC Press: Madison USA.

Saarela, K.-E.; Harju, L.; Rajander, J.; Lill, J.-O.; Heselius, S.J.; Lindroos, A.; Mattsson, K. 2005. Elemental analyses of pine bark and wood in an environmental study. Science of the Total Environment 343:231-241.

Sahin, H.T.; Arslan, M.B. 2011. Weathering performance of particleboards manufactured from blends of forest residues with Red pine (Pinus brutia) wood. Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnología 13(3):337-346.

Tamaki, Y.; Mazza, G. 2010. Measurement of structural carbohydrates, lignins, and microcomponents of straw and shives: Effects of extractives, particle size and crop species. Industrial Crops and Products 31:534-541.

Valentín, L.; Kluczek-Turpeinen, B.; Willför, S.; Hemming, J.; Hatakka, A.; Steffen, K.; Tuomela, M. 2010. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) bark composition and degradation by fungi: Potential substrate for bioremediation. Bioresources and Technology 101:2203-2209.

Vázquez, G.; Parajó, J.C.; Antorrena, G. 1987a. Sugars from pine bark by enzymatic hydrolysis. Effect of sodium chlorite treatments. Wood Science and Technology 21: 167-178.

Vázquez, G.; Antorrena, G.; Parajó, J.C. 1987b. Studies on the utilization of Pinus pinaster bark. Part 1: Chemical constituents. Wood Science and Technology 21:65-74.

Vázquez, G.; González-Alvarez, J.; Freire, S.; López-Suevos, F.; Antorrena, G. 2001. Characteristics of Pinus pinaster bark extracts obtained under various extraction conditions. Holz als Roh und Werkstoff 59:451-456.

Werkelin, J.; Skrifvars, B.J.; Hupa, M. 2005. Ash-forming elements in four Scandinavian wood species. Part 1: Summer harvest. Biomass and Bioenergy 29:451-466.

Wieczorek, S. 2008. Assessing the influence of adsorbent bed (tree bark) parameters on the reduction of ammonia emission from animal husbandry. Polish J Environ Stud 17(1):147-154.

Wyman, CE. 1996. Handbook on Bioethanol: Production and Utilization, Applied Energy Technology Series. Taylor & Francis, Washington DC.

Zapata, N.; Guerrero, F.; Polo, A. 2005. Evaluation of pine bark and urban wastes as componentes of plant growth media. Agricultura Técnica 65(4):378-487.

Downloads

How to Cite

Miranda, I., Mirra, I., Gominho, J., & Pereira, H. (2017). Fractioning of bark of Pinus pinea by milling and chemical characterization of the different fractions. Maderas. Ciencia Y Tecnología, 19(2), 185–194. Retrieved from https://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/MCT/article/view/2755

Issue

Section

Article

Most read articles by the same author(s)