Effects of heat treatment on the adhesion strength, pendulum hardness, surface roughness, color and glossiness of scots pine laminated parquet with two different types of UV varnish application
Keywords:
Heat modification, lightness, Pinus sylvestris, surface properties, ThermoWood process.Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the surface properties of a UV-system applied on laminated parquet made with untreated and heat treated wood (ThermoWood). In this study, wood specimens prepared from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) wood were heat treated according to ThermoWood method at 190oC for 2 hours and at 212oC for 1 and 2 hours adhesion strength, pendulum hardness, surface roughness, colour and glossiness were determined. The UV-system was applied in two different types according to manufacturer recommendations. Results show that lightness and glossiness decreases and red colour tone increases with heat treatment. Pendulum hardness increased initially, decreasing afterwards with the intensity of the heat treatment. Tests showed that adhesion generally decreased with heat treatment. No significant differences were found for the surface roughness although a slight decrease was observed.Downloads
References
Aksoy, A.; Deveci, M.; Baysal, E.; Toker, H. 2011. Colour and gloss changes of Scots pine after heat modification. Wood Res 56 (3): 329-336.
ASTM D 4366-95 1984. Standard test methods for hardness of organic coatings by pendulum test, ASTM, Philadelphia, PA.
ASTM D 4541 1995. Standard Test method for pull-off strength of coatings using portable adhesion testers. American Society for Testing and Materials, 12-15.
Ayata, U. 2014. Determination of The Resistance of Water Based Layers on Some Heat Treated (ThermoWood) Wood Species Against Accelerated UV Aging. Ph.D. Thesis, Duzce University, Duzce, Turkey.
Batista, D.C.; De Muñiz, B.; Ines, G.; Da Silva Oliveira, J.T.; Paes, J.B.; Nisgoski, S. 2016a.
Effect of the Brazilian thermal modification process on the chemical composition of Eucalyptus grandis juvenile wood: Part 1: Cell wall polymers and extractives contents. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 18 (2):273-284.
Batista, D.C.; De Muñiz Bolzon, G.I; Da Silva Oliveira, J.T.; Paes, J.B.; Nisgoski, S. 2016b.
Effect of the Brazilian thermal modification process on the chemical composition of Eucalyptus grandis juvenile wood: Part 2: Solubility and ash content. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 18 (2): 285-292.
Bekhta, P.; Niemz, P. 2003. Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce wood. Holzforschung 57 (5): 539-546.
Bekhta, P.; Proszyk, S.; Lis, B.; Krystofiak, T. 2014. Gloss of thermally densified alder (Alnus glutinosa Goertn.), beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), birch (Betula verrucosa Ehrh.), and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood veneers. Eur J Wood and Wood Prod 72 (6): 799-808.
Boonstra, M.J.; Van Acker, J.; Tjeerdsma, B.F.; Kegel, E.V. 2007. Strength properties of thermally modified softwoods and its relation to polymeric structural wood constituents. Ann For Sci 64: 679-690.
Budakci, M. 2003. Design and Production of a New Adhesion Testing Device and Its Utilization with Testing of Wood Varnishes. Ph.D. Thesis, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
Cakicier, N.; Korkut, S.; Sevim Korkut, D.; Kurtoglu, A.; Sonmez, A. 2011a. Effects of QUV accelerated aging on surface hardness, surface roughness, glossiness, and color difference for some wood species. International Journal of the Physical Sciences (IJPS) 6 (8): 1929-1939.
Cakicier, N.; Korkut, S.; Sevim Korkut, D.; Kurtoglu, A.; Erdinler, E.S.; Ulay, G. 2011b. The effects of protective dye layer applied on varnish layer hardness, scratch resistance and glossiness of various blockboard types. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6 (10): 2303-2308.
Chen, Y.; Fan, Y.; Gao, J.; Stark, N.M. 2012. The effect of heat treatment on the chemical and color change of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) wood flour. BioResources 7 (1): 1157-1170.
Demirci, Z.; Sonmez, A.; Budakci, M. 2013. Effect of Thermal Ageing on the Gloss and the Adhesion Strength of the Wood Varnish Layers. BioResources 8 (2): 1852-1867.
Dos Santos, S.; Goncalves, D. 2016. Variations in wettability on heat-treated wood surfaces:
Contact angles and surface free energy. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 18 (2):383-394.
Dubey, M.K.; Pang, S.; Walker, J. 2012. Changes in chemistry, color, dimensional stability and fungal resistance of Pinus radiata D. Don wood with oil heat-treatment. Holzforschung 66 (1): 49-57.
Esteves, B.; Velez Marques, A.; Domingos, I.; Pereira, H. 2007. Heat-induced colour changes of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood. Wood Sci Technol 42: 369-384.
Gunduz, G.; Korkut, S.; Korkut, D.S. 2008. The effects of heat treatment on physical and technological properties and surface roughness of Camiyanı Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arn. subsp. pallasiana var. pallasiana) wood. Bioresour Technol 99 (7): 2275-2280.
Hakkou, M.; Petrissans, M.; Bakali, I.; El, Gerardin, P.; Zoulalian, A. 2005. Wettability changes and mass loss during heat treatment of wood. Holzforschung 59: 35-37.
Hiziroglu, S.; Graham, S. 1998. Effect of press closing time and target thickness on surface roughness of particleboard. Forest Prod J 48: 50-54.
Hiziroglu, S. 1996. Surface Roughness Analysis of Wood Composites: A Stylus Method. Forest Prod J 46 (7/8): 67-72.
ISO 554 1976. Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing - Specifications. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO 2813 1994. Paints and varnishes - Determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland.
ISO 4287 1997. Geometrical product specifications surface texture profile method terms, definitions and surface texture parameters. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), Geneva, Switzerland.
Karamanoglu, M.; Akyildiz, M.H. 2013. Colour, gloss and hardness properties of heat treated wood exposed to accelerated weathering. Pro Ligno 9 (4): 729-738.
Korkut, D. S.; Hiziroglu, S.; Aytin, A. 2013. Effect of heat treatment on surface characteristics of wild cherry wood. BioResources 8 (2): 1582-1590.
Korkut, D.S.; Guller, B. 2008. The effects of heat treatment on physical properties and surface roughness of red-bud maple (Acer trautvetteri Medw.) wood. Bioresour Technol 99: 2846-2851.
Korkut, D.S.; Korkut, S.; Bekar, I.; Budakçi, M.; Dilik, T.; Cakicier, N. 2008a. The Effects of Heat Treatment on the Physical Properties and Surface Roughness of Turkish Hazel (Corylus colurna L.). Wood Int J Mol Sci 9: 1772-1783.
Korkut, S.; Akgul, M.; Dundar, T. 2008b. The effects of heat treatment on some technological properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood. Bioresour Technol 99 (6): 1861-1868.
Korkut, S.; Aytin, A. 2015. Evaluation of physical and mechanical properties of wild cherry wood heat-treated using the thermowood process. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 17 (1):171-178.
Mitsui, K.; Takada, H.; Sugiyama, M.; Hasegawa, R. 2001. Changes in the properties of lightirradiated wood with heat treatment. Part 1. Effect of treatment conditions on the change in color. Holzforschung 55 (6): 601-605.
Mitutoyo. 2015. Surface Measurement Surftest SJ-201/SJ-301 Portable Surface Testers, [online <http://allmetech.com/images/brosuri/mitutoyo/Surftest_SJ201_SJ301_PRE%20-%20 rugozimetre.pdf >[12.12.2015].
Moliński, W.; Roszyk, E.; Jabloński, A.; Puszyński, J.; Cegiela, J. 2016. Mechanical parameters of thermally modified ash wood determined by compression in radial direction. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 18 (4):577-586.
Mummery, L. 1993. Surface texture analysis. The handbook. Muhlhausen, Germany: Hommelwerke, 106 p.
Pecina, H.; Paprzycki, O. 1988. Wechselbeziehungen zwischen der Temperatur behandlung des Holzes und seiner Benetzbarkeit. Holzforsch Holzverwert 40: 5-8.
Pétrissans, M.; Gérardin, P.; Serraj, M. 2003. Wettability of heat-treated wood. Holzforschung 57: 301-307.
Poncsak, S.; Kocaefe, D.; Bouazara, M.; Pichette, A. 2006. Effect of high temperature treatment on the mechanical properties of birch (Betula papyrifera). Wood Science and Technology 40 (8): 647-663.
Sernek, M.; Boonstra, M.; Pizzi, A.; Despres, A.; Gérardin, P. 2007. Bonding performance of heat treated wood with structural adhesives. Holz Als Roh - Werkst 66: 173-180.
Shi, J.L.; Kocaefe, D.; Zhang, J. 2007. Mechanical behaviour of Quebec wood species heattreated using ThermoWood process. Holz Als Roh-Werkst 65: 255-259.
Stumbo, D.A. 1963. Surface texture measurement. Forest Prod J 13 (6): 299-304.
Sundqvist, B. 2002. Color response of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pubescens) subjected to heat treatment in capillary phase. Eur J Wood Wood Prod 60: 106-114.
Unsal, O.; Ayrilmis, N. 2005. Variations in compression strength and surface roughness of heattreated Turkish river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood. J Wood Sci 51: 405-409.
Zhang, J.; Kamdem, D.P.; Temiz, A. 2009. Weathering of copper-amine treated wood. Appl Surf Sci 256 (3): 842-846.
