Colour responses of Eucalyptus grandis wood to the brazilian process of thermal modification
Keywords:
Colorimetry, eucalypt wood, heat treatment, VAP HolzSysteme®, wood gradingAbstract
A study of colour assessment, using the CIEL*a*b* system, was conducted with samples of Eucalyptus grandis wood thermally treated by the Brazilian industrial process of thermal modification, VAP HolzSysteme®, at three different temperatures, i.e. 140, 160 and 180 °C. Previous to the treatment, the samples were classified in three groups according to their distance to the wood pith, on the radial direction. All thermally modified samples presented a noticeable colour change, confirmed by high values of ΔE*. As the intensity of the treatment increased, the eucalypt samples presented an increase of red colour tone (a*) (up to 160 ºC) and a decrease of colour lightness (L*). Significant colour differences were found among the classified groups, for both untreated and thermally modified samples. The eucalypt samples groups showed different colour responses when thermally treated at 140 and 160 ºC. At 180 ºC the groups didn’t show a significant colour response variation.
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References
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BEKHTA, P.; PROSZYK, S.; KRYSTOFIAK, T. 2014. Colour in short-term thermo-mechanically densified veneer of various wood species. Eur J Wood Prod 72: 785-797.
BRISCHKE, C.; WELZBACHER, C.; BRANDT, K.; RAPP, A. 2007. Quality control of thermally modified timber: interrelationship between heat treatment intensities and CIE L*a*b* color data on homogenized wood samples. Holzforschung 61: 19–22.
BUSH, D. 2008. Genetic improvement for high-value eucalypt timber. Plantation Eucalypts for High Value Timber: Enhancing Investment Through Research and Development.
CADEMARTORI, P.H.G.; SCHNEID, E.; GATTO, D.A.; STANGERLIN, D.M.; BELTRAME, R. 2013. Thermal modification of Eucalyptus grandis wood: variation of colorimetric parameters. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 15 (1): 57-64.
CAMARGOS, J.A.A. 1999. Colorimetria quantitativa aplicada na elaboração de uma tabela de cores para madeiras tropicais. Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil.
DIANISKOVA, M.; BABIAK, M.; TOLVAJ, L. 2008. Colour homogenisation of cherrywood (Cerasus avium L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) during steaming. Wood Research 53 (4): 45- 5.
DZURENDA, L. 2018. The Shades of Color of Quercus robur L. Wood Obtained through the Processes of Thermal Treatment with Saturated Water Vapor. BioResources 13 (1): 1525-1533.
ESTEVES, B.; MARQUES, A. V.; DOMINGOS, I.; PEREIRA, H. 2007. Influence of steam heating on the properties of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood. Wood Science and Technology 41 (3): 193-207.
ESTEVES, B.; MARQUES, A. V.; DOMINGOS, I.; PEREIRA, H. 2008. Heat-Induced colour changes of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood. Wood Science and Technology 42 (5): 369-384.
ESTEVES, B.; PEREIRA, H. 2008. Wood modification by heat treatment: A review. BioResources 4 (1): 370-404.
GIERLINGER, N.; JACQUES, D.; GRABNER, M.; WIMMER, R.; SCHWANNINGER, M.; ROZENBERG, P.; PÂQUES, L.E. 2004. Colour of larch heartwood and relationships to extractives and brown-rot decay resistance. Trees 18 (1): 102-108.
GONÇALEZ, J.C.; MACEDO, D.G. 2003. Colorimetria aplicada à madeira de eucalipto. In: SILVA, J.C.; GOMES, J.M. (Eds.) II Seminário de Produtos Sólidos de Madeira de Eucalipto. Belo Horizonte :81-95.
GONZÁLEZ-PENA, M.M.; HALE, M.D.C. 2009. Colour in thermally modified wood of beech, Norway spruce and Scots pine. Part 1: Colour evolution and colour changes. Holzforschung 63 (4): 385-393.
HILL, C.A.S. 2006. Wood Modification: Chemical, Thermal and Other Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Ltda.
IBA. 2017. Brazilian Tree Industry. Report 2017. Brasilia, Brasil.
ISHIGURI, F.; MARUYAMA, S.; TAKAHASHI, K.; ABE, Z.; YOKOTA, S.; ANDOH, M.; YOSHIZAWA, N. 2003. Extractives relating to heartwood color changes in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) by a combination of smoke-heating and UV radiation exposure. Journal of Wood Science 49 (2): 135-139.
ISO 11664-4. 2008. Colorimetry - Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space.
MALACARA, D. 2002. Color vision and colorimetry: theory and applications. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham.
MILITZ, H. 2002. Thermal treatment of wood: European processes and their background. IRG/WP, 40241.
MILITZ, H.; ALTGEN, M. 2011. Development of methodology to predict wood properties of thermally modified wood. In Proceedings of the 1 st COST Action FP0904 Conference: Mechano-Chemical Transformations of Wood during Thermo-Hydral-Mechanical Processes, Biel, Switzerland :17-18.
JANIN, G.; GONÇALEZ, J. C.; ANANÍAS, R. A.; CHARRIER, B.; SILVA, G. F. D.; DILEM, A. 2001. Aesthetics appreciation of wood colour and patterns by colorimetry. Part 1. Colorimetry theory for the CIELab system. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 3: 3–13.
MITSUI K.; TAKADA H.; SUGIYAMA M.; HASEGAWA R. 2004. Changes in the properties of light-irradiated wood with heat treatment. Part 1: Effect of treatment conditions on the change in color. Holzforschung 55 (6): 601-605.
MONTES, C.S.; HERNANDEZ, R.E. ; BEAULIEU, J. ; WEBER, J.C. 2008. Genetic variation in wood color and its correlations with tree growth and wood density of Calycophyllum spruceanum at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon. New Forests 35 (1): 57-73.
MOYA, R.; BERROCAL, A. 2010. Wood colour variation in sapwood and heartwood of young trees of Tectona grandis and its relationship with plantation characteristics, site, and decay resistance. Annals of Forest Science 67 (1): 109.
MOURA, L.F.; BRITO, J. O. 2011. Efeito da termorretificação sobre as propriedades colorimétricas das madeiras de Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis. Scientia Forestalis 39 (9): 69-76.
PINCELLI, A.L.P.S.M.; MOURA, L.F.; BRITO, J.O. 2012. Effect of thermal rectification on color of Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus caribaea woods. Maderas- Cienc Tecnol 14 (2): 239-248.
SANDBERG, D.; KUTNAR, A. 2016. Thermally modified timber: recent developments in Europe and North America. Wood and Fiber Science 48 (1): 28-39.
SIKORA, A.; KAČÍK, F.; GAFF, M.; VONDROVÁ, V.; BUBENÍKOVÁ, T.; KUBOVSKÝ, I. 2018. Impact of thermal modification on color and chemical changes of spruce and oak wood. Journal of Wood Science 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-018-1721-0.
SUNDQVIST, B. 2004. Color Changes and Acid Formation in Wood During Heating. Ph.D. Thesis, Division of Wood Material Science, Lulea University of Technology, Skellefta, Sweden.
THULASIDAS, P.K.; BHAT, K.M.; OKUYAMA, T. 2006. Heartwood colour variation in home garden teak (Tectona grandis) from wet and dry localities of Kerala, India. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 18(1):51-54.
VITAL, B.; LUCIA, R.; DELLA, R.; EUCLIDES R. 1983. Effect of heating on some properties of Eucalyptus saligna wood. Árvore 7 (2): 136–146.
WILLEMS, W.; LYKIDIS, C.; ALTGEN, M.; CLAUDER, L. 2015. Quality control methods for thermally modified wood. Holzforschung 69 (7): 875-884.
ZANUNCIO, A.J.V.; MOTTA, J.P.; DA SILVEIRA, T.A.; FARIAS, E.D.S.; TRUGILHO, P.F. 2014. Physical and Colorimetric Changes in Eucalyptus grandis Wood after Heat Treatment. BioResources 9 (1): 293-302.
BATISTA, D.C.; PAES, J.B.; MUNIZ, G.I.B.; NISGOSKI, S.; OLIVEIRA; J.T.D.S. 2015. Microstructural aspects of thermally modified Eucalyptus grandis wood. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 17 (3): 525-532.
BEKHTA, P.; NIEMZ, P. 2003. Effect of high temperature on the change in color, dimensional stability and mechanical properties of spruce. Holzforschung 57: 539-546.
BEKHTA, P.; PROSZYK, S.; KRYSTOFIAK, T. 2014. Colour in short-term thermo-mechanically densified veneer of various wood species. Eur J Wood Prod 72: 785-797.
BRISCHKE, C.; WELZBACHER, C.; BRANDT, K.; RAPP, A. 2007. Quality control of thermally modified timber: interrelationship between heat treatment intensities and CIE L*a*b* color data on homogenized wood samples. Holzforschung 61: 19–22.
BUSH, D. 2008. Genetic improvement for high-value eucalypt timber. Plantation Eucalypts for High Value Timber: Enhancing Investment Through Research and Development.
CADEMARTORI, P.H.G.; SCHNEID, E.; GATTO, D.A.; STANGERLIN, D.M.; BELTRAME, R. 2013. Thermal modification of Eucalyptus grandis wood: variation of colorimetric parameters. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 15 (1): 57-64.
CAMARGOS, J.A.A. 1999. Colorimetria quantitativa aplicada na elaboração de uma tabela de cores para madeiras tropicais. Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Florestais, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brasil.
DIANISKOVA, M.; BABIAK, M.; TOLVAJ, L. 2008. Colour homogenisation of cherrywood (Cerasus avium L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) during steaming. Wood Research 53 (4): 45- 5.
DZURENDA, L. 2018. The Shades of Color of Quercus robur L. Wood Obtained through the Processes of Thermal Treatment with Saturated Water Vapor. BioResources 13 (1): 1525-1533.
ESTEVES, B.; MARQUES, A. V.; DOMINGOS, I.; PEREIRA, H. 2007. Influence of steam heating on the properties of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood. Wood Science and Technology 41 (3): 193-207.
ESTEVES, B.; MARQUES, A. V.; DOMINGOS, I.; PEREIRA, H. 2008. Heat-Induced colour changes of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood. Wood Science and Technology 42 (5): 369-384.
ESTEVES, B.; PEREIRA, H. 2008. Wood modification by heat treatment: A review. BioResources 4 (1): 370-404.
GIERLINGER, N.; JACQUES, D.; GRABNER, M.; WIMMER, R.; SCHWANNINGER, M.; ROZENBERG, P.; PÂQUES, L.E. 2004. Colour of larch heartwood and relationships to extractives and brown-rot decay resistance. Trees 18 (1): 102-108.
GONÇALEZ, J.C.; MACEDO, D.G. 2003. Colorimetria aplicada à madeira de eucalipto. In: SILVA, J.C.; GOMES, J.M. (Eds.) II Seminário de Produtos Sólidos de Madeira de Eucalipto. Belo Horizonte :81-95.
GONZÁLEZ-PENA, M.M.; HALE, M.D.C. 2009. Colour in thermally modified wood of beech, Norway spruce and Scots pine. Part 1: Colour evolution and colour changes. Holzforschung 63 (4): 385-393.
HILL, C.A.S. 2006. Wood Modification: Chemical, Thermal and Other Processes. John Wiley & Sons, Ltda.
IBA. 2017. Brazilian Tree Industry. Report 2017. Brasilia, Brasil.
ISHIGURI, F.; MARUYAMA, S.; TAKAHASHI, K.; ABE, Z.; YOKOTA, S.; ANDOH, M.; YOSHIZAWA, N. 2003. Extractives relating to heartwood color changes in sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) by a combination of smoke-heating and UV radiation exposure. Journal of Wood Science 49 (2): 135-139.
ISO 11664-4. 2008. Colorimetry - Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space.
MALACARA, D. 2002. Color vision and colorimetry: theory and applications. SPIE, The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham.
MILITZ, H. 2002. Thermal treatment of wood: European processes and their background. IRG/WP, 40241.
MILITZ, H.; ALTGEN, M. 2011. Development of methodology to predict wood properties of thermally modified wood. In Proceedings of the 1 st COST Action FP0904 Conference: Mechano-Chemical Transformations of Wood during Thermo-Hydral-Mechanical Processes, Biel, Switzerland :17-18.
JANIN, G.; GONÇALEZ, J. C.; ANANÍAS, R. A.; CHARRIER, B.; SILVA, G. F. D.; DILEM, A. 2001. Aesthetics appreciation of wood colour and patterns by colorimetry. Part 1. Colorimetry theory for the CIELab system. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 3: 3–13.
MITSUI K.; TAKADA H.; SUGIYAMA M.; HASEGAWA R. 2004. Changes in the properties of light-irradiated wood with heat treatment. Part 1: Effect of treatment conditions on the change in color. Holzforschung 55 (6): 601-605.
MONTES, C.S.; HERNANDEZ, R.E. ; BEAULIEU, J. ; WEBER, J.C. 2008. Genetic variation in wood color and its correlations with tree growth and wood density of Calycophyllum spruceanum at an early age in the Peruvian Amazon. New Forests 35 (1): 57-73.
MOYA, R.; BERROCAL, A. 2010. Wood colour variation in sapwood and heartwood of young trees of Tectona grandis and its relationship with plantation characteristics, site, and decay resistance. Annals of Forest Science 67 (1): 109.
MOURA, L.F.; BRITO, J. O. 2011. Efeito da termorretificação sobre as propriedades colorimétricas das madeiras de Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis. Scientia Forestalis 39 (9): 69-76.
PINCELLI, A.L.P.S.M.; MOURA, L.F.; BRITO, J.O. 2012. Effect of thermal rectification on color of Eucalyptus saligna and Pinus caribaea woods. Maderas- Cienc Tecnol 14 (2): 239-248.
SANDBERG, D.; KUTNAR, A. 2016. Thermally modified timber: recent developments in Europe and North America. Wood and Fiber Science 48 (1): 28-39.
SIKORA, A.; KAČÍK, F.; GAFF, M.; VONDROVÁ, V.; BUBENÍKOVÁ, T.; KUBOVSKÝ, I. 2018. Impact of thermal modification on color and chemical changes of spruce and oak wood. Journal of Wood Science 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-018-1721-0.
SUNDQVIST, B. 2004. Color Changes and Acid Formation in Wood During Heating. Ph.D. Thesis, Division of Wood Material Science, Lulea University of Technology, Skellefta, Sweden.
THULASIDAS, P.K.; BHAT, K.M.; OKUYAMA, T. 2006. Heartwood colour variation in home garden teak (Tectona grandis) from wet and dry localities of Kerala, India. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 18(1):51-54.
VITAL, B.; LUCIA, R.; DELLA, R.; EUCLIDES R. 1983. Effect of heating on some properties of Eucalyptus saligna wood. Árvore 7 (2): 136–146.
WILLEMS, W.; LYKIDIS, C.; ALTGEN, M.; CLAUDER, L. 2015. Quality control methods for thermally modified wood. Holzforschung 69 (7): 875-884.
ZANUNCIO, A.J.V.; MOTTA, J.P.; DA SILVEIRA, T.A.; FARIAS, E.D.S.; TRUGILHO, P.F. 2014. Physical and Colorimetric Changes in Eucalyptus grandis Wood after Heat Treatment. BioResources 9 (1): 293-302.
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Published
2018-10-01
How to Cite
de Oliveira Griebeler, C. G., Luis Monteiro de Matos, J., Ines Bolzón de Muniz, G., Nisgoski, S., Cesar Batista, D., & Iglesias Rodríguez, C. (2018). Colour responses of Eucalyptus grandis wood to the brazilian process of thermal modification. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol, 20(4), 661–670. Retrieved from https://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/MCT/article/view/3231
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