Failure under stress of grapevine wood: The effects of the cerambycid xylotrechus arvicola on the biomechanics properties of vitis vinifera
Keywords:
Cerambycid, compressive test, flexural test, insect borer, vineyardAbstract
Xylotrechus arvicola is an insect pest on Vitis vinifera in the main wine-producing regions of Spain. X. arvicola larvae bore inside grapevine wood, which cause structural damages in the plants´ biomechanical properties. Grapevine wood affected and unaffected by larvae, were collected from vineyards. Compression and flexural tests were used to quantify biomechanical wood properties. Affected wood broke more quickly and endured a lower supported force than unaffected wood in both varieties and moisture states. Tempranillo was the most resistant variety on trunks, while Cabernet-Sauvignon was the most resistant variety on branches, where all infested varieties showed a lower rate of bending. Grapevine wood affected by X. arvicola larvae shows an important decrease in its resistance in both moisture states - dry and wet wood - and it is observed due to the faster break in time and a lower supported force. These damages give the affected wood greater sensitivity to external mechanical factors in the vineyards, such as strong winds, harvest weight and the vibration exerted by harvesting machines. The aspect of stress-time curves in all cases follow similar patterns, so in future studies might be possible to stablish relationships between both wet and dry samples and different infestation levels.
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References
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Drenkhan, R.; Kurkela, T.; Hanso, M. 2006. The relationship between the needle age and the growth rate in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris): a retrospective analysis by needle trace method (NTM). Eur J For Res 125: 397–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-006-0131-9.
Finley, K.; Chhin, S.; Nzokou, P. 2016. Effects of climate on the radial growth of white ash infested with emerald ash borer. Forest Ecol Manag 379: 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.08.008.
Garcia-Benavides, P.; Martin-Zamorano, P.; Ocete-Pérez, C.; Maistrello, L.; Ocete, R. 2013. Biodiversity of pathogenic wood fungi isolated from Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) galleries in vine shoots. J Int Sci Vigne Vin 47: 73–81. https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2013.47.2.1540.
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Ocete, R.; López, M.; Prendes, C.; Lorenzo, C.; González-Andújar, J.; Lara, M. 2002. Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), a new impacting pest on Spanish vineyards. Vitis 41(4): 211–212. URL: https://ojs.openagrar.de/index.php/VITIS/article/view/4483/4416.
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León. IV Congreso Ibérico de Ciencias Hortícolas. Cáceres. Actas de Horticultura 30: 1326–1332.
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Rodríguez-González, A.; Mayo, S.; González-López, O.; Reinoso, B.; Gutiérrez, S.; Casquero, P.A. 2017. Inhibitory activity of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma spp. on the insect pests Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrisomelidae: Bruchinae). Environ Monit Assess 189: 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5719-z.
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Ssemaganda, I.E.; Mugabi, P.; Tumwebaze, S.B. 2011. Effectiveness of selected preservatives in protecting ugandan grown Eucalyptus grandis wood against termite attack. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 13(2): 135-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2011000200001.
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Biurrun, R.; Yanguas, R.; Garnica, I.; Benito, A. 2007. El taladro del endrino. Navarra Agraria 164: 47–51. URL: https://www.navarraagraria.com/categories/item/612-xylotrechus-arvicola-el-taladro-del-endrino.
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Drenkhan, R.; Kurkela, T.; Hanso, M. 2006. The relationship between the needle age and the growth rate in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris): a retrospective analysis by needle trace method (NTM). Eur J For Res 125: 397–405. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-006-0131-9.
Finley, K.; Chhin, S.; Nzokou, P. 2016. Effects of climate on the radial growth of white ash infested with emerald ash borer. Forest Ecol Manag 379: 133–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.08.008.
Garcia-Benavides, P.; Martin-Zamorano, P.; Ocete-Pérez, C.; Maistrello, L.; Ocete, R. 2013. Biodiversity of pathogenic wood fungi isolated from Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) galleries in vine shoots. J Int Sci Vigne Vin 47: 73–81. https://doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2013.47.2.1540.
Garcia-Ruiz, E. 2009. Contribución al Manejo de Plagas en vid: Xylotrechus arvicola Olivier (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) y Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermüller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). PhD Thesis, University of La Rioja, Logroño. Spain.
Goodwin, S.; Pettit, M.A. 1994. Acalolepta vastator (Newman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Infesting Grapevines in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales 2. Biology and Ecology. Austral Entomol 33: 391-397. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1994.tb01258.x.
Halperin, J.; Geis, K.U. 1999. Lyctidae (Coleoptera) of Israel, their damage and its prevention. Phytoparasitica 27: 257–262. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02981481.
Hansen, E.M.; Stone, J.K.; Capitano. B.R.; Rosso, P.; Sutton, W.; Winton, L. 2000. Incidence and impact of Swiss needle cast in forest plantations of Douglas fir in coastal Oregon. Plant Dis 84: 773–778. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.7.773.
Hauer, R.; Wing, J.W.; Dawson, J.O. 1993. Ice storm damage to urban trees. Arboriculture J 19: 187–193. URL: https://www.hilltowntreeandgarden.com/pdf/ice-storm-damage-urban-trees.pdf.
James, K.; Kane, B. 2008. Precision digital instruments to measure dynamic wind loads on trees during storms. Agric For Meteorol 148: 1055–1061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.02.003.
Kolk, A.; Starzyk J.R. 1996. The Atlas of Forest Insect Pests. The Polish Forest Research Institute, Multico Warszawa. Warsaw, Poland.
Kurkela, T.; Aalto, T.; Varama, M.; Jalkanen, R. 2005. Defoliation by the common pine sawfly (Diprion pini) and subsequent growth reduction in Scots pine: a retrospective approach. Silva Fenn 39: 467–480. URL: https://jukuri.luke.fi/handle/10024/532593.
Krause, S.C.; Raffa, K.F. 1992. Comparison of insect, fungal, and mechanically induced defoliation of larch: effects on plant productivity and subsequent host susceptibility. Oecologia 90: 411–416. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317699.
Mcclure, M.S. 1991. Density-dependent feedback and population cycles in Adelges tsugae (Homoptera: Adelgidae) on Tsuga canadensis. Environ Entomol 20: 258–264. https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/20.1.258.
Moreno, C.M. 2005. Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier, 1795) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): descripción morfológica, ciclo biológico, incidencia y daños en el cultivo de la vid. PhD Thesis, Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla Y Léon (ITACYL). Valladolid. Spain.
Moreno, C.M.; Martín, M.C.; Santiago, Y.; De Evan, E.; Hernández, J.M.; Peláez, H. 2004. Presencia de Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier, 1795) (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae) en viñedos de la zona centro de Castilla y León. Boletin Sanidad Vegetal de Plagas 30: 475-486. URL: https://www.miteco.gob.es/ministerio/pags/biblioteca/plagas/BSVP-30-03-475-486.pdf.
Moreno, C.M.; Martín, M.C.; Urbez. J.R.; Maraña, R.; Moro, S.; García, D.; Peláez, H. 2003. Descripción de dos coleópteros que afectan al viñedo en Castilla y León. Phytoma, 147: 34–42. URL: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=311988.
Nikitsky, N.B.; Vlasenko, A.S.; Legalov, A.A. 2016. New records of beetles (Coleoptera) from Moscow region. Evraziatskii Entomologicheskii Zhurnal / Euroasian entomological journal 15: 416–419. URL: http://kmkjournals.com/upload/PDF/EEJ/15/EEJ15_5_416_419.pdf.
Ocete, R.; Del Tío, R. 1996. Presencia del perforador Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) en viñedos de la Rioja Alta. Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal Plagas 22: 199–202. URL: https://www.miteco.gob.es/ministerio/pags/biblioteca/plagas/BSVP-22-01-199-202.pdf.
Ocete, R.; López, M.; Gallardo, A.; Pérez, M.; Rubio, I. 2004. Efecto de la infestación de Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) sobre la floración de la variedad Tempranillo en La Rioja. Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal Plagas 30(2): 311–316. URL: https://www.miteco.gob.es/ministerio/pags/biblioteca/plagas/BSVP-30-02-311-316.pdf.
Ocete, R.; López, M.; Prendes, C.; Lorenzo, C.; González-Andújar, J.; Lara, M. 2002. Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), a new impacting pest on Spanish vineyards. Vitis 41(4): 211–212. URL: https://ojs.openagrar.de/index.php/VITIS/article/view/4483/4416.
Ocete, R.; López, R. 1999. Principales insectos xilófagos de los viñedos de la Rioja Alta y Alavesa. Viticultura-Enología Profesional 62: 24–30. URL: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=159158.
Ocete, R.; López-Martínez, M.; Prendes, C.; Lorenzo, C.; González-Andújar, J. 2002. Relación entre la infestación de Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Olivier) y la presencia de hongos patógenos en un viñedo de la Denominación de Origen “La Mancha”. Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal Plagas 28: 97–102. URL: https://www.mapa.gob.es/ministerio/pags/Biblioteca/Revistas/pdf_plagas%2FBSVP-28-01-097-102.pdf.
Peláez, H.; Moreno, C.; Santiago, Y.; Maraña, R.; Urbez, J.R.; Lambert, S.M.; María, C.M.; Evan, E.; Barrigón, J.; Prada, P.V. 2006. Xylotrechus arvicola: un cerambícido en el cultivo de la vid. Terralia 55: 50–60.
Peláez H.; Hernández, J.; Martín, M.; Moreno, C.; Santiago, Y. 2002. Determinación de las características del huevo de Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae, Olivier, 1795). In X Congreso Ibérico de Entomología (pp. 52). Libro de Actas del X Congreso Ibérico de Entomología. Zamora. Spain.
Peláez, H.; Maraña, J.; Urbez, J.; Barrigón, J. 2001. Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier, 1795) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Presencia en los viñedos de Castilla y
León. IV Congreso Ibérico de Ciencias Hortícolas. Cáceres. Actas de Horticultura 30: 1326–1332.
Persad, A.B.; Siefer, J.; Montan, R.; Kirby, S.; Rocha, O.J.; Redding, M.E.; Ranger, C.M.; Jones, A.W. 2013. Effects of emerald ash borer infestation on the structure and material properties of ash trees. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 39: 11–16. URL: https://www.isa-arbor.com/Publications/Arboriculture-Urban-Forestry.
Persad, A.B.; Tobin, P.C. 2015. Evaluation of ash tree symptoms associated with emerald ash borer infestation in urban forests. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 41: 103–109. URL: https://www.isa-arbor.com/Publications/Arboriculture-Urban-Forestry.
Protected Denomination Of Origin Ribera Del Duero. 2018. Website of Protected Denomination of Origin Ribera del Duero. URL: https://riberadelduero.es/
Rodríguez-González, A.; Peláez, H.J.; González-López, O.; Mayo, S.; Casquero, P.A. 2016. Reproductive patterns of Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), an emerging pest of grape-vines, under laboratory conditions. J Econ Entomol 109(3): 1226–1230. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tow045.
Rodríguez-González, A.; Peláez, H.J.; Mayo, S.; González-López, O.; Casquero, P.A. 2016. Biometric traits of Xylotrechus arvicola adults from laboratory and grape field. Vitis 55: 73–78. URL: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5596256.
Rodríguez-González, A.; Mayo, S.; González-López, O.; Reinoso, B.; Gutiérrez, S.; Casquero, P.A. 2017. Inhibitory activity of Beauveria bassiana and Trichoderma spp. on the insect pests Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrisomelidae: Bruchinae). Environ Monit Assess 189: 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-016-5719-z.
Rodríguez, M.; Ocaña, P. 1997. Presencia del perforador Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) en viñas de la provincia de Ciudad Real-1996. XXII Reunión Del Grupo de Trabajo de Los Problemas Fitosanitarios de La Vid. Ciudad Real. Spain.
SAS software. 2004. SAS version 9.1.2. SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA. URL: www.sas.com
Sen, S.; Yalçin, M.; Tasçioglu, C.; Özbayram, A.K. 2017. Larvicidal activities of some bark and wood extracts against wood-damaging insects. Maderas- Cienc Tecnol 19(3): 273–284. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2017005000023.
Soltis, N.E.; Gomez, S.; Leisk, G.G.; Sherwood, P.; Preisser, E.L.; Bonello, P.; Orians, C.M. 2014. Failure under stress: the effect of the exotic herbivore Adelges tsugae on biomechanics of Tsuga canadensis. Annals Bot-London 113: 721–730. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct286.
Spanish Association For Standardization And Certification. AENOR. 2018. UNE-EN 14251: Structural round timber - Test methods. AENOR, Madrid, Spain. URL: www.aenor.es.
Spatz, H.C.; Bruechert, F. 2000. Basic biomechanics of self-supporting plants: wind loads and gravitational loads on a Norway spruce tree. Forest Ecol Manag 135(1-3): 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(00)00296-6.
Ssemaganda, I.E.; Mugabi, P.; Tumwebaze, S.B. 2011. Effectiveness of selected preservatives in protecting ugandan grown Eucalyptus grandis wood against termite attack. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 13(2): 135-142. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2011000200001.
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2020-04-01
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Rodríguez-González, Álvaro, A. Casquero, P., Carro-Huerga, G., García-González, J., Álvarez-García, S., & Juan-Valdés, A. (2020). Failure under stress of grapevine wood: The effects of the cerambycid xylotrechus arvicola on the biomechanics properties of vitis vinifera. Maderas. Ciencia Y Tecnología, 22(2), 167–178. Retrieved from https://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/MCT/article/view/3944
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