Liquid water absorption in coated norway spruce: Impact of heartwood, sapwood, density and weather exposure
Keywords:
Alkyd, acrylic, coating permeability, linseed oil, moisture content, Picea abiesAbstract
Water is one of the most significant factors for the durability of wood. A common solution is to use a coating to protect and maintain low water content. However, little knowledge exists how the underlying wood substrate affects the water sorption of coated wood. Therefore, the liquid water absorption of coated and uncoated Norway spruce heartwood and sapwood with a variety of densities was measured by letting the panels float freely in the water. The effect of one year weathering of the coatings was also included.
Coated heartwood and sapwood had no difference in water absorption in opposite to uncoated spruce. The influence of heartwood and sapwood seemed to have limited impact when a coating hindered the presence of free water. Wood density had a positive effect on the absorption of coated wood, i.e. low absorption for low-density samples, in opposite to uncoated samples. Low-density characteristic also contributed to a lower increase of water absorption after weather degradation, for samples with water-borne coatings. Natural weathering enhanced the effect of wood characteristics on coated samples, likely by an increase of coating permeability.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
AHOLA, P.; DERBYSHIRE, H.; HORA, G.; DE MEIJER, M. 1999. Water protection of wooden window joinery painted with low organic solvent content paints with known composition. Part 1. Results of inter-laboratory tests. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 57 (1): 45-50.
BERGSTRÖM, M.; BLOM, Å. 2006. Differences in properties between Norway spruce (Picea abies) heartwood and sapwood. Part 2. Vapour and Liquid permeability. Wood protection Conference. New Orleans, USA: Forest Products Society.
BOOKER, R.; KININMONTH, J. 1978. Variation in longitudinal permeability of green radiata pine wood. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 8 (2): 295-308.
CEN 2007a. Paint and varnishes - Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 5: Assessment of the liquid water permeability, EN 927-5:2007 European Committee for Standardization.
CEN 2007b. Paints and varnishes – Determination of film thickness, EN ISO 2808:2007, European Committee for Standardization.
DE MEIJER, M. 2001. Review: Review on the durability of exterior wood coatings with reduced VOC-content. Progress in Organic Coatings 43: 217-225.
DE MEIJER, M. 2002. Comparison between laboratory water permeability tests and wood moisture content of full-scale window frames. Surface Coatings International 85 (2): 131-137.
DE MEIJER, M.; MILITZ, H. 2001. Moisture transport in coated wood. Part 2: Influence of coating type, film thickness, wood species, temperature and moisture gradient on kinetics of sorption and dimensional change. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 58 (6): 467-475.
EATON, R. A.; HALE, M. D. C. 1993. Wood: Decay, Pests, and Protection. Chapman & Hall.
EKSTEDT, J. 2002. Studies on the barrier properties of exterior wood coatings. Doctoral Doctoral Thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
EKSTEDT, J. 2003. Influence of coating system composition on moisture dynamic performance of coated wood. Journal of Coatings Technology 75 (938): 27-37.
EKSTEDT, J.; ÖSTBERG, G. 2001. Liquid water permeability of exterior wood coatings-testing according to a proposed European standard method. Journal of Coatings Technology 73 (914): 53-59.
FLYNN, K. A. 1995. A review of the permeability, fluid flow, and anatomy of spruce (Picea spp.). Wood and Fiber Science, 27 (3): 278-284.
FREDRIKSSON, M.; LINDGREN, O. 2014. End grain water absorption and redistribution in slow-grown and fast-grown Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) heartwood and sapwood. Wood Material Science and Engineering 8 (4): 245-252.
GRÜLL, G.; TRUSKALLER, M.; PODGORSKI, L.; BOLLMUS, S.; DE WINDT, I.; SUTTIE, E. 2013. Moisture Conditions in Coated wood Panels During 24 Months Natural Weathering at five Sites in Europe. Wood Material Science and Engineering 8 (2): 95-110.
HILLIS, W. E. 1987. Heartwood and tree exudates. Springer-Verlag Berlin.
ISO 1976. Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing, ISO 554:1976 The International Organization for Standardization.
KARLSDOTTER-LYCKMAN, K. 2005. Historiska oljefärger i arkitektur och restaurering. Doctoral thesis, Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Sweden.
KOLLMANN, F. F. P.; CÔTÉ, W. A. 1968. Principles of wood science and technology. Springer-Verlag.
LU, Y.; XIAO, S.; GAO, R.; LI, J.; SUN, Q. 2014. Improved weathering performance and wettability of wood protected by CeO2 coating deposited onto the surface. Holzforschung 68 (3): 345-351.
METSÄ-KORTELAINEN, S.; ANTIKAINEN, T.; VIITANIEMI, P. 2006. The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C and 230 °C. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 64 (3): 192-197.
SANDBERG, K. 2009. Norway spruce heartwood: properties related to outdoor use. Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Sweden.
SIVERTSEN, M. S.; FLÆTE, P. O. 2012. Water absorption in coated Norway spruce (Picea abies) cladding boards. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 70 (1-3): 307-317.
SIVERTSEN, M. S.;VESTØL, G. I. 2010. Liquid water absorption in uncoated Norway spruce (Picea abies) claddings as affected by origin and wood properties. Wood Material Science and Engineering 5 (3): 181-193.
SJÖKVIST, T.; WÅLINDER, M. E. P.; BLOM, Å. 2018. Liquid sorption characterisation of Norway spruce heartwood and sapwood using a multicycle Wilhelmy plate method. International Wood Products Journal 9(2): 58-65.
THOMAS, R. J.; KRINGSTAD, K. P. 1971. The Role of Hydrogen Bonding in Pit Aspiration. Holzforschung 25 (5): 143-149.
VAN MEEL, P. A.; ERICH, S. J. F.; HUININK, H. P.; KOPINGA, K.; DE JONG, J.; ADAN, O. C. G. 2011. Moisture transport in coated wood. Progress in Organic Coatings 72 (4): 686-694.
BERGSTRÖM, M.; BLOM, Å. 2006. Differences in properties between Norway spruce (Picea abies) heartwood and sapwood. Part 2. Vapour and Liquid permeability. Wood protection Conference. New Orleans, USA: Forest Products Society.
BOOKER, R.; KININMONTH, J. 1978. Variation in longitudinal permeability of green radiata pine wood. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 8 (2): 295-308.
CEN 2007a. Paint and varnishes - Coating materials and coating systems for exterior wood - Part 5: Assessment of the liquid water permeability, EN 927-5:2007 European Committee for Standardization.
CEN 2007b. Paints and varnishes – Determination of film thickness, EN ISO 2808:2007, European Committee for Standardization.
DE MEIJER, M. 2001. Review: Review on the durability of exterior wood coatings with reduced VOC-content. Progress in Organic Coatings 43: 217-225.
DE MEIJER, M. 2002. Comparison between laboratory water permeability tests and wood moisture content of full-scale window frames. Surface Coatings International 85 (2): 131-137.
DE MEIJER, M.; MILITZ, H. 2001. Moisture transport in coated wood. Part 2: Influence of coating type, film thickness, wood species, temperature and moisture gradient on kinetics of sorption and dimensional change. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 58 (6): 467-475.
EATON, R. A.; HALE, M. D. C. 1993. Wood: Decay, Pests, and Protection. Chapman & Hall.
EKSTEDT, J. 2002. Studies on the barrier properties of exterior wood coatings. Doctoral Doctoral Thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden.
EKSTEDT, J. 2003. Influence of coating system composition on moisture dynamic performance of coated wood. Journal of Coatings Technology 75 (938): 27-37.
EKSTEDT, J.; ÖSTBERG, G. 2001. Liquid water permeability of exterior wood coatings-testing according to a proposed European standard method. Journal of Coatings Technology 73 (914): 53-59.
FLYNN, K. A. 1995. A review of the permeability, fluid flow, and anatomy of spruce (Picea spp.). Wood and Fiber Science, 27 (3): 278-284.
FREDRIKSSON, M.; LINDGREN, O. 2014. End grain water absorption and redistribution in slow-grown and fast-grown Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) heartwood and sapwood. Wood Material Science and Engineering 8 (4): 245-252.
GRÜLL, G.; TRUSKALLER, M.; PODGORSKI, L.; BOLLMUS, S.; DE WINDT, I.; SUTTIE, E. 2013. Moisture Conditions in Coated wood Panels During 24 Months Natural Weathering at five Sites in Europe. Wood Material Science and Engineering 8 (2): 95-110.
HILLIS, W. E. 1987. Heartwood and tree exudates. Springer-Verlag Berlin.
ISO 1976. Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing, ISO 554:1976 The International Organization for Standardization.
KARLSDOTTER-LYCKMAN, K. 2005. Historiska oljefärger i arkitektur och restaurering. Doctoral thesis, Kungliga tekniska högskolan, Sweden.
KOLLMANN, F. F. P.; CÔTÉ, W. A. 1968. Principles of wood science and technology. Springer-Verlag.
LU, Y.; XIAO, S.; GAO, R.; LI, J.; SUN, Q. 2014. Improved weathering performance and wettability of wood protected by CeO2 coating deposited onto the surface. Holzforschung 68 (3): 345-351.
METSÄ-KORTELAINEN, S.; ANTIKAINEN, T.; VIITANIEMI, P. 2006. The water absorption of sapwood and heartwood of Scots pine and Norway spruce heat-treated at 170 °C, 190 °C, 210 °C and 230 °C. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 64 (3): 192-197.
SANDBERG, K. 2009. Norway spruce heartwood: properties related to outdoor use. Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Sweden.
SIVERTSEN, M. S.; FLÆTE, P. O. 2012. Water absorption in coated Norway spruce (Picea abies) cladding boards. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 70 (1-3): 307-317.
SIVERTSEN, M. S.;VESTØL, G. I. 2010. Liquid water absorption in uncoated Norway spruce (Picea abies) claddings as affected by origin and wood properties. Wood Material Science and Engineering 5 (3): 181-193.
SJÖKVIST, T.; WÅLINDER, M. E. P.; BLOM, Å. 2018. Liquid sorption characterisation of Norway spruce heartwood and sapwood using a multicycle Wilhelmy plate method. International Wood Products Journal 9(2): 58-65.
THOMAS, R. J.; KRINGSTAD, K. P. 1971. The Role of Hydrogen Bonding in Pit Aspiration. Holzforschung 25 (5): 143-149.
VAN MEEL, P. A.; ERICH, S. J. F.; HUININK, H. P.; KOPINGA, K.; DE JONG, J.; ADAN, O. C. G. 2011. Moisture transport in coated wood. Progress in Organic Coatings 72 (4): 686-694.
Downloads
Published
2020-07-01
How to Cite
Sjökvist, T., Blom, Åsa, & Ali Ahmed, S. (2020). Liquid water absorption in coated norway spruce: Impact of heartwood, sapwood, density and weather exposure. Maderas. Ciencia Y Tecnología, 22(3), 335–346. Retrieved from https://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/MCT/article/view/4082
Issue
Section
Article
