Efecto en las propiedades mecánicas de una resina pinífera modificada biodegradable, al utilizarla como compatibilizante o acoplante en formulaciones elastoméricas sin o con fibra de agave y hule de poli(estireno-butadieno). Un paso hacia la formulación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2021000100464Keywords:
Agente de acoplamiento, compatibilizante, compósito de SBR/fibra, fibra de agave, resina de pino, resina maleinizadaAbstract
En este trabajo se valora la eficiencia de una resina de pino modificada biodegradable (A-30), al utilizarla como compatibilizante o acoplante para sustituir al resorcinol (que es tóxico y no es biodegradable), comparando las propiedades mecánicas (contra formulaciones preparadas usando el sistema resorcinol-hexametilentetramina (R-HMT) en: a) polímeros elastoméricos reticulados de estireno-butadieno (SBR), y: b) compósitos de SBR reforzados con fibra de agave de desecho. Para la comparación como compatibilizante, aquí se preparan formulaciones equivalentes con A-30 o R-HMT. Para la comparación de los compósitos equivalentes, se varía el agente de acoplamiento (R-HMT o A-30) y la cantidad de azufre como agente de entrecruzamiento (2,5 partes por cien de elastómero (phr), 7,5 phr o 15 phr). En las pruebas de tracción a temperatura ambiente, y el análisis mecanodinámico con barridos de temperatura (de - 70 °C a 40 °C) y frecuencia (de 0,4 Hz a 40 Hz), se obtuvieron incrementos en módulos (hasta un 74 % en módulo de Young) y en capacidad de deformación (hasta 260 %), para los materiales conteniendo el agente A-30, por encima de las formulaciones en las que se usó el resorcinol. El mejor desempeño como compatibilizante o acoplante del A-30, se reflejó también con claridad morfológicamente mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido, al mostrar mayor compacidad en la matriz formulada y mayor cercanía entre fibra y matriz en muestras fracturadas criogénicamente. Se ha demostrado aquí, que el A-30 puede sustituir al par R-HMT con éxito, ya que funciona mejor como agente compatibilizante o acoplante y es biodegradable. Este tipo de agentes tiene un gran potencial para contribuir al desarrollo de elastómeros y compósitos flexibles amigables con el medio ambiente.
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