Workplace harassment according to social work teachers: A qualitative study
Main Article Content
Abstract
Increasingly relevant in Chile in recent years due to its steady increase and the significant consequences it has on the physical and mental health of workers. The objective of this study was to reveal the conceptions of workplace harassment from the perspective of academics at the School of Social Work at a public university in south-central Chile. A qualitative approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews with teachers who teach classes in the Social Work program at a public university in the Ñuble Region. Content analysis allowed for the interpretation of the information collected and the identification of relevant discursive regularities. The results show that workplace harassment is conceived by academics as a cross-cutting and systematic process, closely linked to various dimensions of institutional work. Likewise, the discourses are permeated by values associated with the neoliberal model, which tend to reinforce individualistic logics in the workplace. It is concluded that workplace harassment in the university context is strongly influenced by neoliberal values and hierarchical structures that reproduce and deepen inequalities, particularly gender inequalities, highlighting the role of social work in addressing this phenomenon from an ethical, critical, and multidimensional perspective.
Article Details
References
Acker, J. (2012). Gendered organizations and intersectionality: Problems and possibilities. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion, 31(3), 214–224. https://doi.org/10.1108/02610151211209072 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/02610151211209072
Ahumada, M., Ansoleaga, E., & Castillo-Carniglia, A. (2021). Acoso laboral y salud mental en trabajadores chilenos: El papel del género (Workplace bullying and mental health in Chilean workers: The role of gender). Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 37(2). https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00037220 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00037220
Bardin, L. (1996). Análisis de contenido. Akal.
Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. (2024). Ley N.º 21.643 que modifica el Código del Trabajo y otros cuerpos legales, en materia de prevención, investigación y sanción del acoso laboral, sexual o de violencia en el trabajo. https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1200096
Bonatti, P. (2018). Las meta decisiones y la teoría de la Racionalidad instrumental mínima. Ciencias Administrativas, 13, 037. https://doi.org/10.24215/23143738e037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24215/23143738e037
Bourdieu, P. (1990). Sociología y cultura (M. Pou, Trad.). Editorial Grijalbo / Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes México. https://catedracoi2.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/bourdieu-pierre-sociologc3ada-y-cultura.pdf
Buquet, A. G. (2016). El orden de género en la educación superior: una aproximación interdisciplinaria. Nómadas, 44, 27-43. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/1051/105146818003/html/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.30578/nomadas.n44a2
Choo, H. Y., & Ferree, M. M. (2019). Practicing intersectionality in sociological research. Sociological Theory, 37(4), 311–328. https://users.ssc.wisc.edu/~mmferree/documents/choo_ferree_intersectionality_final0909.pdf
Connell, R., & Pearse, R. (2018). Gender: In world perspective (3rd ed.). Polity Press.
Crenshaw, K. (2017). On intersectionality: Essential writings. The New Press.
Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D., & Cooper, CL (2011). Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice. CRC Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/EBK1439804896
Goffman, E. (1997). La presentación de la persona en la vida cotidiana. Amorrortu editores Buenos Aires.
Heilman, M. E. (2012). Gender stereotypes and workplace bias. Research in Organizational Behavior, 32, 113–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2012.11.003
Hodgins, M., Kane, R., Itzkovich, Y., & Fahie, D. (2024). Workplace Bullying and Harassment in Higher Education Institutions: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(9), 1173. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091173 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091173
Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 165–184. https://www.kwesthues.com/e-LeymannEJWOP1996.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13594329608414853
Migliaccio, T., Rivas, A., Rivas , B., & Stark, R. (2024). Bullying within academia: A cultural and structural analysis. Learning, Culture and Social Interaction, 44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2023.100783 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lcsi.2023.100783
Ministerio del Trabajo y Previsión Social. (s. f.). Convenio 190 de la OIT: Erradicación de la violencia y el acoso en el mundo del trabajo. Gobierno de Chile. https://www.mintrab.gob.cl/convenio-190/
Muñoz-Chávez, J.P., & López-Chau, A. (2022). Identificación de acoso laboral en docentes de educación superior basada en respuestas de satisfacción en el trabajo. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación Superior (RIES), XIII(37), 42-62. https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.20072872e.2022.37.1303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.20072872e.2022.37.1303
OECD. (2023). Gender equality in the workplace. OECD Publishing.
Ochoa, C. E., Hernández, E., Guamán, K., & Pérez, K. (2021). El acoso laboral. Revista Universidad y Sociedad, 13(2), 113–118. http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/rus/v13n2/2218-3620-rus-13-02-113.pdf
Oficina del Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los Derechos Humanos. (2025). Integración de la perspectiva de género. https://www.ohchr.org/es/women/gender-integration
Platania, S. (2025). Special Issue: Gender Equality in the Workplace: Theory and Practice for Decent Work and a Climate of Inclusion. Social Sciences, 14(8), 492. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14080492 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14080492
Pujol, A. (2016). La Violencia Laboral en La Universidad: Desafíos para La Politica Gremial. Trabalho (En)Cena, 1(1), 98–116. https://sistemas.uft.edu.br/periodicos/index.php/encena/article/view/2270
República de Chile. (2024). Ley 21.643: Prevención, investigación y sanción del acoso laboral, sexual o de violencia en el trabajo (publicada en el Diario Oficial) (Nº 1200096). Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional de Chile. https://www.bcn.cl/leychile/navegar?idNorma=1200096
Schütz, A. (1972). La construcción significativa del mundo social: Introducción a la sociología comprensiva. Ediciones Paidós.
Subsecretaría de Previsión Social. (s. f.). Ley Karin: Marco legal para prevenir, investigar y sancionar el acoso y la violencia en el trabajo (página informativa). Gobierno de Chile. https://previsionsocial.gob.cl/ley-karin
Vera, L. V. (2020). Enfoque de género, violencia de género y políticas públicas: un acercamiento desde las Ciencias Sociales al marco jurídico ecuatoriano. Rehuso, 5(1), 19-32. https://revistas.utm.edu.ec/index.php/Rehuso/article/view/1684 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33936/rehuso.v5i1.2186