Outdoor thermal behavior and comfort of urban canyons inserted in different grids and geomorphologies of Mendoza
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2018.08.02.09Keywords:
outdoor thermal comfort, urban pattern, plain, hillsideAbstract
The work is carried out in the Metropolitan Area of Mendoza (AMM), an arid climate city with two different geomorphological contexts. The objective seeks to study the relationship between the outdoor thermal behavior and comfort of urban canyons (UC) inserted into plain and hillside. To achieve this, six UC inserted in three urban grids (rational, organic and Cul-de-Sac) were selected and monitored. The results regarding the thermal behavior indicate that the rational UC is hotter in hillside than in plain; the Cul-de-Sac UC is hotter in plain than in hillside; and the organic UC has the highest maximum temperature but the coolest minimum temperature in plain. In terms of outdoor thermal comfort, the rational UC in the plain reaches 30%, and in the hillside it represents 20%; the organic UC in hillside reaches 30%, and in the plain it reaches 20%; being the best case the Cul-de-Sac UC in hillside (70%); while in plain it reaches only 20%. This shows that the outdoor thermal behavior and comfort of the UCs inserted in the same urban grid have different response according to the geomorphological site of implantation.
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References
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CASTALDO, Verónica; PISELLO, Anna; PIGLIAUTILE, Ilaria; PISELLI, Cristina y COTANA, Franco. Microclimate and air quality investigation in historic hilly urban areas: Experimental and numerical investigation in central Italy, Sustainable Cities and Society, 2017 vol. 33, pp. 27-44.
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FANGER, Ole. Thermal Comfort: Analysis and applications in environmental engineering. Copenhagen: Danish Technical Press, 1970, pp. 244.
GIVONI, Baruch. Urban design in different climates. World meteorological organization, 1989.
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MIDDEL, Ariane; HÄB, Kathrin; BRAZEL, Anthony; MARTIN, Chris y GUHATHAKURTA, Subhrajit. Impact of urban form and design on mid-afternoon microclimate in Phoenix Local Climate Zones, Landscape and Urban Planning, 2014, vol. 122, pp. 16-28.
MIDDEL, Ariane; CHHETRI, Nalini y QUAY, Ray. Urban forestry and cool roofs: Assessment of heat mitigation strategies in Phoenix residential neighborhoods, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2015, vol. 14, pp. 178-186.
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OKE, Timothy. The energetic basis of the urban heat island, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1982, vol. 455, pp. 1-24.
PEARLMUTTER, David; BITAN, Arieh y BERLINER, Pedro. Microclimatic analysis of “compact” urban canyons in an arid zone, Atmospheric Environment, 1999, vol. 33, pp. 4143-4150.
RUIZ, María Angélica y CORREA, Érica. Suitability of different comfort indices for the prediction of thermal conditions in tree-covered outdoor spaces in arid cities, Theoretical Applied Climatology, 2014, vol. 122, pp. 69-83.
RUIZ, Angélica; SOSA, Belén; CORREA, Érica y CANTÓN, Alicia. Suitable configurations for forested urban canyons to mitigate the UHI in the city of Mendoza, Argentina. Urban Climate, 2015, vol. 14, pp. 197-212.
RUIZ, Angélica; SOSA, Belén; CORREA, Érica y CANTÓN, Alicia. Design tool to improve daytime thermal comfort and nighttime cooling of urban canyons, Urban Planning and Landscape, 2017, vol. 167, pp. 249-256.
SALAS ESPARZA, María Goretti y HERRERA SOSA, Luis Carlos. La vegetación como sistema de control para las islas de calor urbano en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Hábitat Sustentable, 2017, vol. 7, n° 1, pp. 14-23.
SANUSI, Ruzana; JOHNSTONE, Denise; MAY, Peter y LIVESLEY, Stephen. Street orientation and side of the street greatly influence the microclimatic benefits street trees can provide in summer, Journal of Environmental Quality, 2016, vol. 45, pp. 167-174.
SETAIH, Khalid; HAMZA, Neveen y TOWNSHEND, Tim. Assessment of outdoor thermal comfort in urban microclimate in hot arid areas. En: 13th International Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambery, France, 2013.
SHASHUA-BAR, Limor y HOFFMAN, Milo. Geometry and orientation aspects in passive cooling of canyon streets with trees, Energy and Buildings, 2003, vol. 35, no 1, pp. 61-68.
SHASHUA-BAR, Limor; PEARLMUTTER, David y ERELL, Erell. The cooling efficiency of urban landscape strategies in a hot dry climate, Landscape and Urban Planning, 2009, vol. 92, pp. 179-186.
SICLARI BRAVO, Paola. Desafíos urbanos latinoamericanos y caribeños de cara a los objetivos de desarrollo sustentable y a la nueva agenda urbana, Revista INVI, 2017, vol.32, n° 89, pp. 199-211.
SOSA, Belén; CORREA, Érica y CANTÓN, Alicia. Urban grid forms as a strategy for reducing heat island effects in arid cities, Sustainable Cities and Society, 2017a, vol. 32, pp. 547-556.
SOSA, María Belén; CORREA, Érica y CANTÓN, María Alicia. Influencia de la morfología urbana sobre la habitabilidad térmica exterior en una ciudad de clima árido, Hábitat Sustentable, 2017b, vol. 7, no 1, pp. 44-53.
STOCCO, Susana; CANTÓN, María Alicia y CORREA, Érica. Design of urban green square in dry areas: Thermal performance and comfort, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2015, n° 14, pp. 323-335.
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TALEGHANI, Mohammad; KLEEREKOPER, Laura; TENPIERIK, Martin y VAN DEN DOBBELSTEEN, Andy. Outdoor thermal comfort within five different urban forms in the Netherlands, Building and Environment, 2015, no 83, pp. 65-78.
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TUMINI, Irina y PÉREZ, Alexis. Aplicación de los sistemas adaptativos para la evaluación del confort térmico en espacios abiertos, en Madrid, Hábitat Sustentable, 2015, vol. 5, pp. 55- 67.
TUMINI, Irina; HIGUERAS, Ester y BAERESWYL RADA, Sergio. Urban microclimate and thermal comfort modelling: Strategies for urban renovation, International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development, 2016, vol. 1, no 7, pp. 1-16.
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AKBARI, Hashem; CARTALIS, Constantinos; KOLOKOTSA, Denia; MUSCIO, Alberto; PISELLO, Anna Laura; ROSSI, Federico; SANTAMOURIS, Matheos; SYNNEFA, Afroditi; WONG, Nyuk y ZINZI, Michele. Local climate change and urban heat island mitigation techniques. The estate of the art, Journal of Civil Engineering and Managment, 2016, vol. 22, pp. 1-16.
ALBĂ, Claudia; MITITELU-IONUŞ, Oana y BOENGIU, Sandu. “Geomorphological facilities and constraints in urban expansion of Craiova city”. En: Conference: Proceedings of the Romanian Geomorphology Symposium, 2017, edición 33, pp. 11-14.
ALCHAPAR, Noelia y CORREA, Érica. Comparison the performance of different facade materials for reducing building cooling needs. En: PACHECO-TORGAL, Fernando; LABRINCHA, Joao; CABEZA, Luisa y GRANQVIST, Claes (eds.). Eco-efficient materials for mitigating building cooling needs. Cambridge: Woodhead, 2015, pp. 155-194.
ANGEL, Shlomo; PARENT, Jason; CIVCO, Daniel; BLEI, Alexander y POTERE, David. The dimensions of global urban expansion: Estimates and projections for all countries, 2000- 2050, Progress in Planning, 2011, 75 no 2, pp. 53-107.
BARAKAT, Asmaa, AYAD, Hany y EL-SAYED, Zeyad. Urban design in favor of human thermal comfort for hot arid climate using advanced simulation methods, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 2017, vol. 56, no 4, pp. 533-543.
BROWN, Robert y GILLESPIE, Terry. Microclimate Landscape Design. Somerset, New Jersey, U.S.A: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1995.
CASTALDO, Verónica; PISELLO, Anna; PIGLIAUTILE, Ilaria; PISELLI, Cristina y COTANA, Franco. Microclimate and air quality investigation in historic hilly urban areas: Experimental and numerical investigation in central Italy, Sustainable Cities and Society, 2017 vol. 33, pp. 27-44.
CASTILLO, Ana Laura, CORREA, Érica y CANTÓN, María Alicia. Regulación urbanística de áreas de piedemonte en ciudades latinoamericanas. Análisis crítico de la normativa internacional y el marco regulatorio de la ciudad de Mendoza, Argentina, ACE: Architecture, City and Environment. Arquitectura, Ciudad y Entorno, 2017, vol. 12, pp. 39-70.
CASTRILLÓN, Alberto y CARDONA, Sandra. El urbanismo y la planeación moderna. Glocalidades en la formación de la modernidad urbana de Medellín, Revista Historia y Sociedad, 2014, vol. 26, pp. 17-51.
CAVALLARO, Sandra; NICOSIA BURGOS, Federico y FONTANETO, Patricio Julián. La cartografía ambiental como base para los estudios de planificación ecológica del territorio, Asociación Geológica Argentina, 2010, vol. 66, pp. 475-483.
CORREA, Érica; DE ROSA, Carlos y LESINO, Graciela. Urban heat island effect on heating and cooling degree day’s distribution in Mendoza’s metropolitan area. Environmental costs. En: SOCIEDADE PORTUGUESA DE ENERGIA SOLAR (SPES) (ed.). Proceedings of the EUROSUN 2008. NY, USA: Curran associates, Inc. Red Hook, pp. 951-958.
CORREA, Érica; RUIZ, María Angélica y CANTÓN, María Alicia. Morfología forestal y confort térmico en “ciudades oasis” de zonas áridas, Ambiente Construido, 2010, vol.10, no 4, pp.119- 137.
DELGADO, Gian Carlo; CAMPOS CHÁVEZ, Cristina y RENTERÍA JUÁREZ, Patricia. Cambio climático y el metabolismo urbano de las Megaurbes Latinoamericanas, Hábitat Sustentable, 2012, vol. 2, no 1, pp. 2-25.
DI RIENZO, Julio; CASANOVES, Fernando; BALZARINI, Mónica; GONZÁLEZ, Laura; TABLADA, Margot; ROBLEDO, Walter. InfoStat v. 2011. Grupo InfoStat, FCA, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, 2011.
DOBBS, Cynnamon; HERNÁNDEZ MORENO, Ángela; REYES PAECKE, Sonia y MIRANDA, Marcelo. Exploring temporal dynamics of urban ecosystem services in Latin America. The case of Bogotá (Colombia) and Santiago (Chile), Ecological Indicators, 2018, vol. 85, pp. 1068-1080.
EMMANUEL, Rohinton y FERNANDO, H. Urban heat islands in humid and arid climates: role of urban form and thermal properties in Colombo, Sri Lanka and Phoenix, USA, Climate Research, 2007, vol. 34, no 3, pp. 241-251.
ENCINAS, Felipe; MARMOLEJO, Carlos y AGUIRRE, Carlos. El impacto de los proyectos inmobiliarios y sus atributos de sustentabilidad sobre el valor del suelo: ¿causa o consecuencia? Dos estudios de casos para Santiago de Chile, Hábitat Sustentable, 2016, vol. 6, no 2, pp.70-79.
FANGER, Ole. Thermal Comfort: Analysis and applications in environmental engineering. Copenhagen: Danish Technical Press, 1970, pp. 244.
GIVONI, Baruch. Urban design in different climates. World meteorological organization, 1989.
GOLDEN, Jay. The Built Environment Induced Urban Heat Island Effect in Rapidly Urbanizing Arid Regions. A Sustainable Urban Engineering Complexity, Environmental Sciences, 2004, vol. 1, no 4, pp. 321-349.
GÓMEZ, Nersa; HIGUERAS, Ester y FERRER, Mercedes. Análisis del Confort Térmico Social para el Control sostenible del Microespacio Urbano entre edificaciones, Revista Portafolio, 2016, vol. 2, no 34, pp. 59-70.
GUZMÁN, Francisco y OCHOA DE LA TORRE, José. Confort térmico en los espacios públicos urbanos. Clima cálido y frío semi-seco, Hábitat Sustentable, 2014, vol. 4, no 2, pp. 52-63.
KO, Yekang y RADKE, John. The Effect of Urban Form and Residential Cooling Energy Use in Sacramento, California, Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2014, vol. 41, no 4, pp. 573- 593.
LEVERMORE, Geoff; PARKINSON, John; LEE, Kwanho; LAYCOCK, Patrick y LINDLEY, Sarah. The increasing trend of the urban heat island intensity, Urban Climate, 2018, vol. 24, pp. 360-368.
LIBERTUN DE DUREN, Nora. Urbanización rápida y desarrollo: cumbre de América Latina y China. En: Cumbre de América Latina y China de Políticas y Conocimiento: Impactos de la urbanización rápida y la prosperidad nacional (Lima, 15 y 16 de julio de 2014) [en línea]. Banco Inter-Americano del Desarrollo, 2014, pp. 9-11. [Consultado 12 octubre 2018]. Disponible en: https://publications.iadb.org/handle/11319/6732
LIN, Tzu-Ping; MATZARAKIS, Andreas y HWAND, Ruey-Lung. Shading effect on long-term outdoor thermal comfort, Building and Environment, 2011, vol. 45, pp. 213-211.
MATZARAKIS, Andreas; HELMUT, Mayer y MOSES, Iziomon. Applications of a universal thermal index: physiological equivalent temperature, Int J Biometeorol, 1999, vol. 43, pp.76-84.
MAWROMATIS, Constantino. Tensiones y convergencia: el diseño urbano contemporáneo como alternativa a la ciudad dispersa y difusa, Revista INVI, 2013, vol. 28, no 79, pp. 125- 163.
MIDDEL, Ariane; HÄB, Kathrin; BRAZEL, Anthony; MARTIN, Chris y GUHATHAKURTA, Subhrajit. Impact of urban form and design on mid-afternoon microclimate in Phoenix Local Climate Zones, Landscape and Urban Planning, 2014, vol. 122, pp. 16-28.
MIDDEL, Ariane; CHHETRI, Nalini y QUAY, Ray. Urban forestry and cool roofs: Assessment of heat mitigation strategies in Phoenix residential neighborhoods, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2015, vol. 14, pp. 178-186.
MINVU - Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo. Manual de elementos urbanos sustentables tomo I: Sustentabilidad en el espacio público y recomendaciones para Chile, versión n° 2. Santiago: MINVU, 2017.
MOHAMMED, Bakarman y CHANG, Jae. The influence of height/width ratio on urban heat island in hot-arid climates, Procedia Engineering, 2015, vol. 118, pp. 101-108.
Multispec software (v.9). School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University [en línea]. [Consultado 8 julio 2018]. Disponible en: https://engineering.purdue.edu/~biehl/ MultiSpec/
NIKOLOPOULOU, Marialena y LYKOUDIS, Spyros. Thermal comfort in outdoor urban spaces: analysis across different European countries, Building and environment, 2006, vol. 141, pp.1455-1470.
OKE, Timothy. The energetic basis of the urban heat island, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 1982, vol. 455, pp. 1-24.
PEARLMUTTER, David; BITAN, Arieh y BERLINER, Pedro. Microclimatic analysis of “compact” urban canyons in an arid zone, Atmospheric Environment, 1999, vol. 33, pp. 4143-4150.
RUIZ, María Angélica y CORREA, Érica. Suitability of different comfort indices for the prediction of thermal conditions in tree-covered outdoor spaces in arid cities, Theoretical Applied Climatology, 2014, vol. 122, pp. 69-83.
RUIZ, Angélica; SOSA, Belén; CORREA, Érica y CANTÓN, Alicia. Suitable configurations for forested urban canyons to mitigate the UHI in the city of Mendoza, Argentina. Urban Climate, 2015, vol. 14, pp. 197-212.
RUIZ, Angélica; SOSA, Belén; CORREA, Érica y CANTÓN, Alicia. Design tool to improve daytime thermal comfort and nighttime cooling of urban canyons, Urban Planning and Landscape, 2017, vol. 167, pp. 249-256.
SALAS ESPARZA, María Goretti y HERRERA SOSA, Luis Carlos. La vegetación como sistema de control para las islas de calor urbano en Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Hábitat Sustentable, 2017, vol. 7, n° 1, pp. 14-23.
SANUSI, Ruzana; JOHNSTONE, Denise; MAY, Peter y LIVESLEY, Stephen. Street orientation and side of the street greatly influence the microclimatic benefits street trees can provide in summer, Journal of Environmental Quality, 2016, vol. 45, pp. 167-174.
SETAIH, Khalid; HAMZA, Neveen y TOWNSHEND, Tim. Assessment of outdoor thermal comfort in urban microclimate in hot arid areas. En: 13th International Conference of International Building Performance Simulation Association, Chambery, France, 2013.
SHASHUA-BAR, Limor y HOFFMAN, Milo. Geometry and orientation aspects in passive cooling of canyon streets with trees, Energy and Buildings, 2003, vol. 35, no 1, pp. 61-68.
SHASHUA-BAR, Limor; PEARLMUTTER, David y ERELL, Erell. The cooling efficiency of urban landscape strategies in a hot dry climate, Landscape and Urban Planning, 2009, vol. 92, pp. 179-186.
SICLARI BRAVO, Paola. Desafíos urbanos latinoamericanos y caribeños de cara a los objetivos de desarrollo sustentable y a la nueva agenda urbana, Revista INVI, 2017, vol.32, n° 89, pp. 199-211.
SOSA, Belén; CORREA, Érica y CANTÓN, Alicia. Urban grid forms as a strategy for reducing heat island effects in arid cities, Sustainable Cities and Society, 2017a, vol. 32, pp. 547-556.
SOSA, María Belén; CORREA, Érica y CANTÓN, María Alicia. Influencia de la morfología urbana sobre la habitabilidad térmica exterior en una ciudad de clima árido, Hábitat Sustentable, 2017b, vol. 7, no 1, pp. 44-53.
STOCCO, Susana; CANTÓN, María Alicia y CORREA, Érica. Design of urban green square in dry areas: Thermal performance and comfort, Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2015, n° 14, pp. 323-335.
SUN, Shibo; XU, Xiyan; LAO, Zhaoming; LIU, Wei; LI, Zhandong; HIGUERAS, Ester; HE, Li y ZHU, Jianning. Evaluating the impact of urban green space and landscape design parameters on thermal comfort in hot summer by numerical simulation, Building and Environment, 2017, vol. 123, pp. 277-288.
TALEGHANI, Mohammad; KLEEREKOPER, Laura; TENPIERIK, Martin y VAN DEN DOBBELSTEEN, Andy. Outdoor thermal comfort within five different urban forms in the Netherlands, Building and Environment, 2015, no 83, pp. 65-78.
TUMINI, Irina. El microclima urbano en los espacios abiertos. Estudio de casos en Madrid. Tesis doctoral inédita, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 2013.
TUMINI, Irina y PÉREZ, Alexis. Aplicación de los sistemas adaptativos para la evaluación del confort térmico en espacios abiertos, en Madrid, Hábitat Sustentable, 2015, vol. 5, pp. 55- 67.
TUMINI, Irina; HIGUERAS, Ester y BAERESWYL RADA, Sergio. Urban microclimate and thermal comfort modelling: Strategies for urban renovation, International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development, 2016, vol. 1, no 7, pp. 1-16.
UN-HÁBITAT. The relevance of street patterns and public space in urban, 2013.
UN-HÁBITAT. Informe de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible 2016.
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2018-12-31
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Castillo, A. L., Sosa, M. B., Correa, E. N., & Cantón, M. A. (2018). Outdoor thermal behavior and comfort of urban canyons inserted in different grids and geomorphologies of Mendoza. Sustainable Habitat, 8(2), 116–129. https://doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2018.08.02.09
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