Evaluating accessibility to underground transport systems: analysis of the Santiago - Chile metro

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2023.13.02.05

Keywords:

sensory impairment, physical disability, intellectual disability, subway, accessibility

Abstract

Considering that a significant part of the world's population lives with some disability and life expectancy is increasing, accessible transportation would allow people to improve their quality of life and access more socioeconomic opportunities. Based on a mixed descriptive design (qualitative, ethnographic, and quantitative), this article presents a tool for evaluating the level of accessibility to subway trains for people with visual, physical, cognitive, and hearing disabilities. Data from 30 Metro stations in Santiago de Chile were analyzed, studying movements into the station, permanence in the payment area, and movements toward platforms and connecting lines. Among the indicators evaluated, those related to getting to the platform have the lowest levels of accessibility, as they do not meet all the needs of the different types of disabilities analyzed.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Liborio Navas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Master in Construction.
Student, School of Civil Construction

Claudia Valderrama-Ulloa, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.

PhD in Mechanics.
Associate Researcher, Center for Research in Technologies for Society, School of Engineering.

Ximena Ferrada, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.

PhD in Engineering Sciences.
Director of Civil Engineering in Civil Works, Faculty of Engineering, Center for Research in Technologies for Society.

Jorge Contreras, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.

Master in Health Sciences Education.
Researcher, Center for Research in Technologies for Society, School of Engineering, and Academic, School of Medicine.

Zulay Gimenez, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

PhD in Engineering Sciences.
Academician, School of Civil Construction.

References

AGUDELO-ZAPATA, K., & CADAVID-OSPINA, L. (2016). Percepción sobre la inclusión social en términos de cultura e integración por parte del personal operativo del Metro de Medellín y de sus usuarios en situación de discapacidad auditiva que acceden al servicio de transporte [Tesis de grado]. Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Medellín, Colombia. http://hdl.handle.net/10656/5284

ALARCÓN S., & VIZCARRA Q. (2016). Personas en situación de Discapacidad Visual en relación a las barreras y estrategias que afectan las actividades de la vida diaria instrumentales. Revista Chilena de Terapia Ocupacional, 16(2), 153-162. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-5346.2016.44759

BASCOM, G.W., & CHRISTENSEN, K.M., (2017). The impacts of limited transportation access on persons with disabilities’ social participation. Journal of Transport & Health 7, 227–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.10.002

BRUMBAUGH, S., (2018). Travel Patterns of American Adults with Disabilities [Issue Brief]. BTS Special Reports and Issue Briefs. https://doi.org/10.21949/1524180

BRUSILOVSKY, B. (2014). Modelo para diseñar espacios accesibles. Espectro Cognitivo. Colección Democratizando la Accesibilidad Vol. 1. La Ciudad Accesible. https://www.descubreme.cl/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Modelo-para-Disen%CC%83ar-Espacios-Accesibles_Espectro-Cognitivo.pdf

CASS, N., SHOVE, E., & URRY, J. (2005). Social Exclusion, Mobility and Access. The Sociological Review, 53(3), 539-555. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2005.00565.x

CENTRO DE REFERENCIA ESTATAL DE AUTONOMÍA PERSONAL Y AYUDAS TÉCNICAS [CEAPAT]. (2018). ACCESIBILIDAD cognitiva en el transporte. Barreras y facilitadores para la orientación y comprensión de los espacios del metro, desde la perspectiva de usuario. http://riberdis.cedid.es/bitstream/handle/11181/5527/Accesibilidad_cognitiva_en_el_transporte.pdf?sequence=1

COMISIÓN ECONÓMICA PARA AMÉRICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE [CEPAL]. (2022, December 13). CEPAL examina el panorama actual del envejecimiento en la región. www.cepal.org. https://www.cepal.org/es/noticias/cepal-examina-panorama-actual-envejecimiento-la-region-asi-como-avances-desafios-ejercicio

COCHRAN, A. (2020). Understanding the role of transportation-related social interaction in travel behavior and health: A qualitative study of adults with disabilities. Journal of Transport & Health, 19, 100948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2020.100948

ESPÍNOLA-JIMÉNEZ, A. (2015). Accesibilidad Auditiva. Pautas básicas para aplicar en los entornos. Colección Democratizando la Accesibilidad Vol. 7. La Ciudad Accesible. http://riberdis.cedid.es/bitstream/handle/11181/5368/Accesibilidad_auditiva_pautas_entornos.pdf?sequence=1&rd=0031731133640576

ESPINOSA-MUÑOZ, M. (2016). Accesibilidad en las estaciones del Metro de Santiago de Chile para personas con discapacidad visual. [Tesis de Magister]. Universidad de Chile. https://repositorio.uchile.cl/bitstream/handle/2250/141438/Accesibilidad-en-las-estaciones-del-metro-de-Santiago.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

GLASER, B., & STRAUSS, A. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Aldine Publishing Company.

GRISÉ, E., BOISJOLY, G., MAGUIRE, M., & EL-GENEIDY, A. (2019). Elevating access: Comparing accessibility to jobs by public transport for individuals with and without a physical disability. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 125, 280–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2018.02.017

HAMMERSLEY, M. Y ATKINSON, P. (2007), Ethnography. Principles in practice, Taylor & Francis e-Library.

HERNANDEZ SAMPIERI, R., FERNÁNDEZ COLLADO, C. & LUCIO, P. (1997). Metodología de la Investigación. Mc Graw Hill.

IWARSSON, S., & STÅHL, A. (2003). Accessibility, usability, and universal design—positioning and definition of concepts describing person-environment relationships, Disability and Rehabilitation, 25(2), 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/dre.25.2.57.66

ISO (2001) ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001. Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities. https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_iec_guide_71_2001.pdf

JEFFREY, B., & TROMAN. G. (2004) Time for ethnography. British Educational. Research Journal, 30(4), 535- 548. https://doi.org/10.1080/0141192042000237220

JIRON, P., & MANCILLA, P. (2013). Atravesando la espesura de la ciudad: vida cotidiana y barreras de accesibilidad de los habitantes de la periferia urbana de Santiago de Chile. Norte Grande Geography Journal, 56, 53–74. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34022013000300004

KAUFMANN, V., BERGMAN, M., & JOYE, D. (2004). Motility: mobility as capital. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28(4), 745–756. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00549.x

KRAHN, G.L., WALKER, D.K., & CORREA-DE-ARAUJO, R., (2015). Persons With Disabilities as an Unrecognized Health Disparity Population. American Journal of Public Health, 105(S2), S198–S206. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2014.302182

LÄTTMAN, K., OLSSON L., FRIMAN, M., & FUJII, S. (2019). Perceived accessibility, satisfaction with daily travel and life satisfaction among the elderly. nternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(22), 4498-4512. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224498

LIMA, J. P., DA CAMARA ABITANTE, J., PONS, N. A. D., & SENNE, C. M. (2019). Spatial Fuzzy Multicriteria Analysis of Accessibility: A Case Study in Brazil. Sustainability, 11(12), 3407-3425. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123407

LUCAS, K., VAN WEE, B. & MAAT, K. (2016). A method to evaluate equitable accessibility: combining ethical theories and accessibility-based approaches. Transportation, 43, 473-490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-015-9585-2

MÁRQUEZ, L., POVEDA, J.C., & VEGA, L.A., (2019). Factors affecting personal autonomy and perceived accessibility of people with mobility impairments in an urban transportation choice context. Journal of Transport & Health, 14, 100583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.100583

METRO DE SANTIAGO (2020). Memoria anual 2020. https://www.metro.cl/documentos/memoria-anual-2020.pdf

OLIVARES, C., URBANO, C., HIDALGO, D., TINJACÁ, N., PÉREZ, J. M. F., GUTIÉRREZ, M. C., NAVAS, C., GLEN, C., PEDRAZA, L., & PORCEL, M. R. (2019). Mapas de viaje: Metodología para el diagnóstico y propuestas de mejora de la accesibilidad universal en sistemas de transporte público en América Latina y el Caribe. BID. https://doi.org/10.18235/0002065

ORGANIZACIÓN MUNDIAL DE LA SALUD: OMS. (2023, March 7). Discapacidad: datos y cifras. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/disability-and-health

PARK, K., ESFAHANI, H. N., NOVACK, V., SHEEN, J., HADAYEGHI, H., SONG, Z., & CHRISTENSEN, K. (2022). Impacts of disability on daily travel behaviour: A systematic review. Transport Reviews, 43(2), 178–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2022.2060371

PRASERTSUBPAKIJ, D., & NITIVATTANANON, V. (2012). Evaluating accessibility to Bangkok Metro Systems using multi-dimensional criteria across user groups. IATSS Research, 36(1), 56–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2012.02.003

SAÉZ-GONZÁLEZ, C. (2020). Accesibilidad e Inclusión en el Sistema de Transporte Público en la Región Metropolitana. [Tesina de Magister]. Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile. https://repositorio.udd.cl/server/api/core/bitstreams/145ab7b3-c9e4-49e2-809b-fec1bdb8e389/content

SHEN, X., ZHENG, S., WANG, R., LI, Q., XU, Z., WANG, X., & WU, J. (2023). Disabled travel and urban environment: A literature review. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 115, 103589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103589

SRICHUAE, S., NITIVATTANANON, V., & PERERA, R. (2016). Aging society in Bangkok and the factors affecting mobility of elderly in urban public spaces and transportation facilities. IATSS Research, 40(1), 26-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2015.12.004

SZE, N., & CHRISTENSEN, K. (2017). Access to urban transportation system for individuals with disabilities. IATSS Research, 41(2), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iatssr.2017.05.002

VANDENBULCKE, G.; STEENBERGHEN, T., & THOMAS, I. (2009). Mapping accessibility in Belgium: a tool for land-use and transport planning? Journal of Transport Geography, 17(1), 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2008.04.008

VECCHIO, G., CASTILLO, B., & STEINIGER, S. (2020). Movilidad urbana y personas mayores en Santiago de Chile: el valor de integrar métodos de análisis, un estudio en el barrio San Eugenio. Revista De Urbanismo, 43, 26-45. https://doi.org/10.5354/0717-5051.2020.57090

WONG, R., SZETO, W., YANG, L., LI, Y., & WONG, S. (2017). Elderly users’ level of satisfaction with public transport services in a high-density and transit-oriented city. Journal of Transport & Health, 7, 209-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.10.004

WONG, S. (2018). Traveling with blindness: A qualitative space-time approach to understanding visual impairment and urban mobility. Health & Place, 49, 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.11.009

YUN, H. (2019). Environmental Factors Associated with Older Adult’s Walking Behaviors: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies. Sustainability, 11(12), 3253-3297. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11123253

Published

2023-12-31

How to Cite

Navas, L., Valderrama-Ulloa, C., Ferrada, X. ., Contreras, . J., & Gimenez, Z. (2023). Evaluating accessibility to underground transport systems: analysis of the Santiago - Chile metro. Sustainable Habitat, 13(2), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2023.13.02.05

Issue

Section

Artículos