Midiendo la pobreza energética. Una revisión de indicadores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2020.10.01.01Palavras-chave:
eficiencia energética, exclusión social, higiene, pobrezaResumo
Identificar aquellos hogares en una situación de vulnerabilidad a la pobreza energética es el
primer paso para abordar una problemática social a nivel mundial asociada a la falta de servicios energéticos mínimos, conocido por los términos anglosajones–Fuel Poverty y Energy Poverty, FP y EP, respectivamente. El concepto FP, definido en el Reino Unido como “la incapacidad para obtener un adecuado confort térmico debido a la ineficiencia de la vivienda”, mientras que el concepto EP refleja la imposibilidad de tener acceso a un servicio energético mínimo en países en desarrollo. La falta de un consenso a la hora de definir una ruta clara ha originado que algunos países no la reconozcan como un problema social. La investigación se basa en la revisión de ambos conceptos, a través del análisis conceptual de los términos FP y EP, revisión de indicadores utilizados, estudio de la capacidad de los indicadores para identificar y proponer soluciones a la problemática. Todo ello en relación a los objetivos incluidos: infraestructuras disponibles, eficiencia energética, pobreza social y económica, bienestar y salud social. El resultado es la revisión desde una perspectiva técnica en el sector residencial que ayude a desarrollar soluciones que cubran las carencias encontradas.
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Braubach, M. y Ferrand, A. (2013). Energy efficiency, housing, equity and health. International Journal of Public Health 2013, 58(3), 331–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-012-0441-2
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Castaño-Rosa, R. (2018). Identificación de hogares vulnerables a partir del concepto pobreza energética. Indicador y modelo de evaluación. University of Seville.
Castaño-Rosa, R., Sherriff, G., Solís-Guzmán, J. y Marrero, M. (2020). The validity of the index of vulnerable homes: evidence from consumers vulnerable to energy poverty in the UK. Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567249.2020.1717677
Castaño-Rosa, R., Sherriff, G., Thomson, H., Guzmán, J. S. y Marrero, M. (2019). Transferring the index of vulnerable homes: Application at the local-scale in England to assess fuel poverty vulnerability. Energy and Buildings, 203, 109458. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.109458
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Castaño-Rosa, R., Solís-Guzmán, J. y Marrero, M. (2020). Energy poverty goes south? Understanding the costs of energy poverty with the index of vulnerable homes in Spain. Energy Research & Social Science, 60, 101325. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.101325
Castaño-Rosa, R., Solís-Guzmán, J., Rubio-Bellido, C. y Marrero, M. (2019). Towards a multiple-indicator approach to Energy Poverty in the European Union: a review. Energy and Buildings, 193, 36–48. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2019.03.039
Dear, K. B. G. y McMichael, A. J. (2011). The health impacts of cold homes and fuel poverty. BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) 2011, 342, d2807. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d2807
Der Perre, L., Ness, R., Thoen, S., Vandenameele, P. y Engels, M. (2002). Understanding the indoor environment. En M. Engels (Ed.), Wireless OFDM Systems: How to make them work? (pp.11–31). Boston, MA: Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47685-1_2
(EnAct). (n.d.). The ENERGY ACTION project. Recuperado de http://www.coldathome.today/.European Comission. (2014).
European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EUSILC). European Commission (n.d.). Energy Roadmap 2050. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic And Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.2833/10759
European Commission. (2018). EU Energy Poverty Observatory (CN ENER/B3/SER/2015-507/SI2.742529). Recuperado de https://www.energypoverty.eu/
Fabbri, K. (2015). Building and fuel poverty, an index to measure fuel poverty: An Italian case study. Energy, 89, 244–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.07.073
Florio, P. y Teissier, O. (2015). Estimation of the Energy Performance Certificate of a housing stock characterised via qualitative variables through a typology-based approach model: A fuel poverty evaluation tool. Energy and Buildings, 89, 39–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.12.024
Gatto, A. y Busato, F. (2020). Energy vulnerability around the world: The global energy vulnerability index (GEVI). Journal of Cleaner Production, 253, 118691. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118691
Gouveia, J. P., Palma, P. y Simoes, S. G. (2019). Energy poverty vulnerability index: A multidimensional tool to identify hotspots for local action. Energy Reports, 5, 187–201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2018.12.004
Hatt, T., Saelzer, G., Hempel, R. y Gerber, A. (2012). High indoor comfort and very low energy consumption through the implementation of the Passive House standard in Chile. Revista de La Construccion 2012, 11(2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-915X2012000200011
Heijs, W. y Stringer, P. (1988). Research on residential thermal comfort: some contributions from environmental psychology. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 8(3), 235–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(88)80012-4
Heindl, P. (2015). Measuring Fuel Poverty: General Considerations and Application to German Household Data. Finanz Arch 2015, 71(2), 178–215. https://doi.org/10.1628/001522115X14285723527593
Herrero, S. T. (2017). Energy poverty indicators: A critical review of methods. Indoor and Built Environment, 26(7), 1018–1031. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326X17718054
Hills, J. (2012). Getting the measure of fuel poverty. Final Report of the Fuel Poverty Review. Centre for the Analysis of Social Exclusion. London.
Howden-Chapman, P., Viggers, H., Chapman, R., O’Sullivan, K., Telfar Barnard, L., y Lloyd, B. (2012). Tackling cold housing and fuel poverty in New Zealand: A review of policies, research, and health impacts. Energy Policy 2012, 49, 134–142.
Isherwood, B.C. y Hancock, R. M. (1979). Household expenditure on fuel: distributional aspects. Economic Adviser’s Office, DHSS, London.
Kolokotsa, D. y Santamouris, M. (2015). Review of the indoor environmental quality and energy consumption studies for low income households in Europe. Science of the Total Environment 2015, 536 (February 2016), 316–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.073
Legendre, B. y Ricci, O. (2014). Measuring fuel poverty in France: which households are the most vulnerable? Energy Economics 2014, 49, 620–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2015.01.022
Liddell, C. y Morris, C. (2010). Fuel poverty and human health: A review of recent evidence. Energy Policy 2010, 38(6), 2987–2997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.01.037
Longhurst, N. y Hargreaves, T. (2019). Emotions and fuel poverty: The lived experience of social housing tenants in the United Kingdom. Energy Research & Social Science, 56, 101207. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.05.017
M. Bluyssen, P. (2014). The Healthy Indoor Environment: How to assess occupants’ wellbeing in buildings. New York: Routledge.
Martínez, P. W. y Kelly, M. T. (2015). Integration of performance criteria in the energy-environmental improvement of existing social housing in Chile. Ambiente Construído 2015, 15(2), 47–63.
https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212015000200013
Meszerics, T. (ed.) (2016). Energy Poverty Handbook. Brussels: European Union.
Middlemiss, L. (2016). A critical analysis of the new politics of fuel poverty in England. Critical Social Policy, 37(3), 425–443.
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2020-06-30
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Castaño-Rosa, R., Solís-Guzmán, J., & Marrero-Meléndez, M. (2020). Midiendo la pobreza energética. Una revisión de indicadores. Hábitat Sustentable, 10(1), 08–21. https://doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2020.10.01.01
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