Análisis espaciotemporal de islas de calor aplicado en la ciudad costera de San Francisco de Campeche, México
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2024.27.49.01Palabras clave:
islas, calor, ciudad, costaResumen
La urbanización de la ciudad de San Francisco de Campeche influye en la formación de isla de calor urbano debido a materiales de construcción, edificios y estructuras, actividades humanas, falta de vegetación, e infraestructura de transporte. Las islas de calor tienen consecuencias negativas como aumento en el consumo de energía y un mayor estrés térmico en la población. Además, contribuyen al cambio climático debido al aumento de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, causadas por la demanda adicional de energía. Ciudades como Sídney, Beijing, Nanjing, Moscú y Hong Kong están implementando estrategias de planificación urbana que promueven la vegetación urbana, el uso de materiales de construcción reflectantes, la mejora del transporte público y la promoción de la eficiencia energética en edificios. Con el fin de identificar islas de calor se utilizaron imágenes satelitales Landsat. Se analizó el crecimiento de la población y la mancha urbana realizando un análisis de índice de vegetación. En relación con los análisis realizados, se identificó que la temperatura ha aumentado aproximadamente 6°C entre los años 1990 y 2022; así como ha disminuido la vegetación ante el crecimiento de la mancha urbana y las viviendas, cuadruplicando el Índice de Vegetación de Diferencia Normalizada (NDVI) en la clase 0-0.25. Finalmente, se proponen medidas de mitigación para contrarrestar los efectos que causan las islas de calor en la ciudad.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Román Alejandro Canul-Turriza, Karianna Aké-Turriza, Oscar May-Tzuc, Mario Jiménez-Torres
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