The impact of tree species selection on the thermal comfort of urban canyons in arid zones: The case of Mendoza, Argentina
Keywords:
energy balance, thermal comfort, tree-lined urban canyons, tree species, arid zoneAbstract
Increasing urban vegetation is known worldwide to be a strategy for mitigating urban heat islands. This study evaluates how the energy balance of an urban canyon is affected by different combinations of urban morphology, tree species features, and building density. The thermal behaviors of 16 urban canyons, 16, 20 and 30m in width, located in areas of high and low building density, with three predominant types of tree species in the city were monitored in summer, in addition to one tree-free case. The COMFA energy balance model was used to assess the degree of habitability of open spaces. The results show that the appropriate selection of tree species is the key to maximizing the energy efficiency and habitability of urban spaces in areas of low building density in the city.
Downloads
References
AKBARI, H., DAVIS, S., DORSANO, S., HUANG, J. & WINERT, S. (Eds.). Cooling our Communities. A Guidebook on Tree Planting and Light-Colored Surfacing. 1º ed. Washington: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Policy Analysis, Climate Change Division, 1992.
ALCHAPAR, Noelia Liliana, CORREA, Erica Norma & CANTÓN, María Alicia. Classification of building materials used in the urban envelopes according to their capacity for mitigation of the urban heat island in semiarid zones. Energy and Buildings. 2014, nº 69, pp. 22-32. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.10.012
ALEXANDRI, Eleftheria & JONES, Phillip John. Temperature decreases in an urban canyon due to green walls and green roofs in diverse climates. Building and Environment. 2008, nº 43, pp. 480-493. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.10.055
BLANC, Patrick. The vertical garden in nature and the city. 1º ed. New York: W. W. Norton & Company Ltd., 2008.
BOCHACA, Fabián. El verde en la estructura urbana de Mendoza. ARQ. 2005, nº 60, pp. 68-71. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?pid=S0717-69962005006000013&script=sci_arttext
BÓRMIDA, Eliana. Mendoza, una ciudad oasis. Facultad de Diseño, Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Revista de la Universidad de Mendoza. 1984, nº 226, pp. 68-72. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. Disponible en: www.um.edu.ar/ojs-new/index.php/RUM/article/download/189/213
BROWN, Robert D. & GILLESPIE, Terry J. Microclimate landscape design. 1º ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
CLARK, James R. & MATHENY, Nelda P. A model of Urban Forest sustainability: application to Cities in the United States. Journal of Arboriculture. 1998, nº 24(2), pp. 112-120.
CORREA, Erica Norma, DE ROSA, Carlos & LESINO, Graciela. Isla de calor urbana. Distribución espacio-temporal de temperaturas dentro del Área Metropolitana de Mendoza. Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente. 2006, nº 10(11), pp. 121-128. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.cricyt.edu.ar/asades/averma.php
CORREA, E., MARTINEZ, C.F. & CANTÓN, M.A. Influencia del uso de distintas magnitudes forestales sobre el comportamiento térmico de los cañones urbanos. El caso de la primera magnitud en ciudades de zonas áridas. Avances en Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente. 2008, nº 12(1), pp. 155-162. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.cricyt.edu.ar/asades/averma.php
AUTOR, et al., 2012.
ESPAÑA. Real Decreto 1027/2007. Reglamento de Instalaciones Térmicas en los Edificios (RITE). Boletín Oficial del Estado. 2007, nº 207, 35931-35984.
MCPHERSON, E.G. Structure and sustainability of Sacramento’s urban forest. Journal of Arboriculture. 1998, nº 24(4), pp. 174-190.
NOWAK, D.J., CRANE, D.E. & DWYER, J.F. Compensatory Value of Urban Trees in the United States. Journal of Arboriculture. 2002, nº 28, pp. 194-199.
OKE, T.R. The Energetic Basis of the Urban Heat Island. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 1982, nº 108, pp. 1-24.
ROSENFELD, A., AKBARI, H., ROMM, J. & POMERANTZ, M. Cool communities: strategies for heat island mitigation and smog reduction. Energy and Buildings. 1998, nº 28, pp. 51-62. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. DOI:10.1016/S0378-7788(97)00063-7
AUTOR, 2013.
AUTOR & AUTOR, 2015.
SAILOR, D.J. & MUNOZ, J.R. Sensitivity of electricity and natural gas consumption to climate in the USA: Methodology and results for eight states. Energy. 1997, nº 22, pp. 987-998. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. DOI:10.1016/S0360-5442(97)00034-0
SANTAMOURIS, Mattheos. Energy and Climate in the Urban Built Environment. 1º ed. London: James & James, 2001.
SANTAMOURIS, M., PAVLOU, K., SYNNEFA, A., NIACHOU, K. & KOLOKOTSA, D. Recent progress on passive cooling techniques. Advanced technological developments to improve survivability levels in low-income households. Energy and Buildings. 2007, nº 39, pp. 859-866. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.02.008
STATHOPOULOU, E., MIHALAKAKOU, G., SANTAMOURIS, M. & BAGIORGAS, H.S. On the impact of temperature on tropospheric ozone concentration levels in urban environments. Journal of Earth System Science. 2008, nº 117(3), pp. 227-236. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. Disponible en: http://www.ias.ac.in/jess/jun2008/jess177.pdf
WONG, N., TAN, A.Y.K., TAN, P.Y. & WONG, N.C. Energy Simulation of Vertical Greenery Systems. Energy and Buildings. 2009, nº 41(12), pp. 1401-1408. [Consultado 22 octubre 2015]. DOI:10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.08.010
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The content of articles which are published in each edition of Habitat Sustentable, is the exclusive responsibility of the author(s) and does not necessarily represent the thinking or compromise the opinion of University of the Bio-Bio.
The author(s) conserve their copyright and guarantee to the journal, the right of first publication of their work. This will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Recognition License CC BY-SA, which allows others to share-copy, transform or create new materials from this work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they recognize authorship and the first publication in this journal, and its new creations are under a license with the same terms.
