Urban food policies and metropolitan spaces: The case of Milan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2019.22.39.02Keywords:
Urban Food Policy, peri-urban areas, protected areas, MilanAbstract
After Expo 2015, Milan is attempting to change its global image by combining conventional vertical development with a new narrative based on the relationship between urban and peri-urban areas. In this context, the Milan Urban Food Policy (MUFP) has raised an important question for the city´s future: how to build new rural-urban linkages that strengthen the interaction at the urban and metropolitan scales.
This paper has two main objectives: to investigate how change is taking place in the food policies in Milan after Expo 2015, and to discuss several issues related to the implementation of the MUFP that present potential dialectical tension between the urban and the metropolitan areas. A specific focus is the analysis of the interaction between the MUFP and the peri-urban protected areas, which are considered as active players in the development of hybrid metropolitan spaces.
The research is based on a qualitative methodology aimed at understanding the effects of the MUFP beyond the narratives developed by institutional documents. Using the MUFP as a framework, this study investigates whether and how policies based on food and agriculture can produce a specific territorial effect in the Milan Metropolitan Area. The peri-urban area is of specific interest because many forms of land and landscape planning inspired by an integrated vision of human and natural issues have now been experimented with there for several decades.
Milan offers the opportunity to observe many controversial issues associated with governance dynamics, in particular the relationships between urban and rural spaces. Here lies the value of a case study that could in the coming years serve as an example for other European cities regarding the implementation of food policies on a large scale. This will be possible if the framework implemented to date evolves into a long-term policy and the risks and weaknesses described in this paper are overcome.
Downloads
References
AUBRY, Christine and KEBIR, Leïla. Shortening food supply chains: A means for maintaining agriculture close to urban areas? The case of the French metropolitan area of Paris. Food Policy, 2013, n° 41, pp. 85-93.
BINI, Valerio and PIROVANO, Chiara. La ricerca “Cascine attorno a Milano”. In: Pirovano, Chiara (ed.). Cascine attorno a Milano. Milano: CUEM, 2008.
BLAY-PALMER, Alison. The Canadian Pioneer: The Genesis of Urban Food Policy in Toronto. International Planning Studies, 2009, vol. 14, n° 4, pp. 401-416.
BRISTOL CITY COUNCIL. A Good Food Plan for Bristol. Bristol: Bristol City Council, 2013.
CALORI, Andrea and SANVITO, Daphne. Esperienze europee di filiere agro-alimentari alternative locali e di qualità: verso politiche pubbliche di radicamento territoriale. In: Ferraresi Giorgio (ed.), Produrre e scambiare valore territoriale. Dalla città diffusa allo scenario di forma urbis et agri. Firenze: Alinea, 2009, pp. 201-216.
CALORI, Andrea and MAGARINI, Andrea. Food and the cities: politiche del cibo per città sostenibili. Milano: Edizioni Ambiente, 2015.
CALORI, Andrea, DANSERO, Egidio, PETTENATI, Giacomo and TOLDO, Alessia. Urban food planning in Italian cities: a comparative analysis of the cases of Milan and Turin. Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 2017, vol.41, n°8, pp. 1026-1046.
COHEN Nevin. Planning for urban agriculture: problem recognition, policy formation, and politics. In: VILJOEN, André and WISKERKE, Johannes S.C. (eds), Sustainable food planning: evolving theory and practice. Wageningen: WAP, 2012. pp. 103-114.
COMUNE DI MILANO. Cascine del Comune di Milano. Proposta per un piano di recupero e valorizzazione. Milano: Comune di Milano, 1977.
COMUNE DI MILANO. Linee di indirizzo della Food Policy di Milano 2015-2020. Milano: Comune di Milano, 2015.
DANSERO, Egidio, PETTENATI, Giacomo and TOLDO, Alessia. Il rapporto tra cibo e città e le politiche urbane del cibo: uno spazio per la geografia? Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana, 2017, vol. X, n° 1-2, pp. 5-22.
DEMATTEIS, Giuseppe. Per una geografia della territorialità attiva e dei valori territoriali. In: BONORA, Paola (ed.), Slot quaderno 1. Bologna: Baskerville, 2001, pp. 11-30.
DEMATTEIS, Giuseppe and GOVERNA, Francesca. Il territorio dello sviluppo locale. Il contributo del modello SLoT. In: DEMATTEIS, Giuseppe and GOVERNA, Francesca (eds). Territorialità, sviluppo locale, sostenibilità: il modello SLoT. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2005, pp. 118-145.
DEPRAZ, Samuel. Géographie des espaces naturels protégés. Genèse, principes et enjeux territoriaux. Paris: Armand Colin, 2008.
DE ZEEUW, Henk, VAN VEENHUIZEN, Renè, and DUBBELING, Marielle. The role of urban agriculture in building resilient cities in developing countries. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011, n° 149, pp. 153-163.
DONADIEU, Pierre. Campagne urbane. Una nuova proposta di paesaggio della città. Roma: Donzelli, 2013.
EUROPARC FEDERATION. Position paper on European Protected Areas & Sustainable Agriculture. Working in Partnership for Biodiversity and Rural Development, Bruxelles, 2018.
FEENSTRA, Gail. Local Food Systems and Sustainable Communities. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture, 1997, vol. 12, n. 1, pp. 28-36.
FERRARESI, Giorgio. Parco e territorio. Note sul contesto teorico della ricerca. In: FERRARESI, Giorgio and ROSSI, Anna (eds). Il parco come cura e coltura del territorio. Un percorso di ricerca sull’ipotesi del parco agricolo. Brescia: Grafo, 1993, pp. 11-25.
FERRARESI, Giorgio. L’attività primaria di generazione del territorio, nell’alleanza tra produzione locale e nuovi stili di vita e di consumo. In: FERRARESI, Giorgio (ed.). Produrre e scambiare valore territoriale. Dalla città diffusa allo scenario di forma urbis et agri. Firenze: Alinea, 2009, pp. 11-35.
GIACOMINI, Valerio and ROMANI, Valerio. Uomini e parchi. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 1990.
GOTTERO, Enrico (ed.). Agrourbanism: Tools for Governance and Planning of Agrarian Landscape. Cham: Springer Nature, 2019.
HIDDING, Marjan, NEEDHAM, Barrie and WISSERHOF, Johan. Discourses of town and country. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2000, n° 48, pp. 121-130.
LA ROSA, Daniele, BARBAROSSA, Luca, PRIVITERA, Riccardo and MARTINICO, Francesco. Agriculture and the city: A method for sustainable planning of new forms of agriculture in urban contexts. Land Use Policy, 2014, n° 41, pp. 290-303.
MAGNAGHI, Alberto. Il progetto locale. Verso la coscienza di luogo. Torino: Bollati Boringhieri, 2010.
MASTROPIETRO, Eleonora and RAINISIO, Nicola. Immaginari e rappresentazioni di territori in transizione. Uno studio sul parco lombardo della valle del Ticino. Topscape Paysage, 2011, vol. 9, pp. 1323-1347.
MASTROPIETRO, Eleonora. La valorizzazione turistica delle aree naturali: le potenzialità del Parco Lombardo della Valle del Ticino. In BERTANI, Milena (ed.), Territori, Paesaggi e Immaginari. Studio preliminare per la valorizzazione del Parco Lombardo della Valle del Ticino attorno alla figura di Leonardo e ai temi leonardeschi, Magenta, Parco Ticino, 2012, pp. 33-42.
MININNI, Mariavaleria. Approssimazioni alla città. Urbano, rurale, ecologia, Donzelli, Roma, 2012.
MININNI, Mariavaleria. Abitare il territorio e costruire paesaggi. In: Donadieu Pierre. Campagne urbane. Una nuova proposta di paesaggio della città. Roma: Donzelli, 2013, pp. XIII-LV.
MORAGUES-FAUS, Ana et al. Urban Food Strategies: The Rough Guide to Sustainable Food Systems. [Document developed in the framework of the FP7 project FOODLINKS], 2013.
MORAGUES-FAUS, Ana and MORGAN, Kevin. Reframing the foodscape: the emergent world of urban food policy. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 2015, n° 47, pp. 1558-1573.
MORGAN, Kevin. Feeding the City: The Challenge of Urban Food Planning. International Planning Studies, 2009, vol. 14, n° 4, pp. 341-348.
MORGAN, Kevin. Nourishing the City: The Rise of the Urban Food Question in the Global North. Urban Studies, 2015, vol. 52, n° 8, pp. 1379-1394.
MORGAN, Kevin and SONNINO, Roberta. The Urban Foodscape: World Cities and the New Food Equation. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 2010, vol. 3, pp. 209-224.
MOUGEOT, Luc J.A. (ed.). Agropolis: The social, political, and environmental dimensions of urban agriculture. Ottawa: IDRC, 2005.
OLSSON, Gunilla Almered., et al. Peri-urban food production and its relation to urban resilience. Sustainability, 2016, vol. 8, n° 12, p. 1340.
OPITZ, Ina, BERGES, Regine, PIORR, Annette and KRIKSER, Thomas. Contributing to food security in urban areas: Differences between urban agriculture and peri-urban agriculture in the Global North. Agriculture and Human Values, 2015, n° 33, pp. 341-358.
PEANO, Attilia. Verso una visione territorialista della protezione della natura. In: DANSERO, Egidio, LANZANO, Cristiano and TECCO, Nadia (ed.). Sguardi incrociati, nature svelate. Aree protette, cooperazione decentrata e rappresentazioni della natura fra Piemonte e Africa sub sahariana, Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2010, p. 63-72.
TECCO, Nadia, BAGLIANI, Marco, DANSERO, Egidio, and PEANO, Cristiana. Verso il sistema locale territoriale del cibo: spazi di analisi e di azione. Bollettino della Società Geografica Italiana. 2017, n° 10, pp. 23-42.
PETTENATI, Giacomo. Urban Agriculture in Urban Food Policies: Debate and Practices. In: GOTTERO, Enrico (ed.), Agrourbanism. Tools for Governance and Planning of Agricultural Landscapes. Berlin: Springer, 2019, pp. 171-185.
PHILLIPS, Adrian. Turning Ideas on Their Head. The New Paradigm for Protected Areas. The George Wright Forum, 2003, vol. 20, n° 2, pp. 8-32.
POTHUKUCHI, Kameshwari and KAUFMAN, Jerome. Placing the Food System on the Urban Agenda: The Role of Municipal Institutions in Food Systems Planning. Agriculture and Human Values, 1999, vol. 16, pp. 213-224.
REGA, Carlo (ed.). Landscape planning and rural development: key issues and options towards integration. Berlin: Springer, 2014.
REGA, Carlo. Towards and Effective Implementation of Green Infrastructure in Rural Areas. Challenges and Options for a Subsantial Integration with Spatial Planning. In: GOTTERO, Enrico (ed.). Agrourbanism. Tools for Governance and Planning of Agricultural Landscapes. Berlin: Springer, 2019.
SCARAMELLINI Guglielmo (ed.). Paesaggi, territori, culture. Viaggio nei luoghi e nelle memorie del Parco del Ticino. Milano: Cisalpino, 2010.
SIMON, David. Urban environments: issues on the peri-urban fringe. Annual review of environment and resources, 2008, n° 33, pp. 167-185.
SUSI BOTTO, Isabella and DI VITA, Stefano. Oltre l’Expo 2015. Tra dimensione ordinaria e straordinaria delle politiche urbane. Roma: Carocci, 2016.
VAN LEEUWEN, Eveline, NIJKAMP, Peter and DE NORONHA VAZ, Teresa. The multifunctional use of urban greenspace. International journal of agricultural sustainability, 2010, n° 8, pp. 20-25.
VILJOEN, André and BOHN, Katrin. Second nature urban agriculture: designing productive cities. London: Routledge, 2014.
YACAMÁN, Carolina. El paradigma del proyecto agrourbano: la agricultura defendida desde la ciudad. Urbano, 2017, vol. 36, pp. 8-17.
ZANOLIN, Giacomo. Il Parco Lombardo del Ticino: un luogo tra città e campagna. In: ALAIMO Angela, ARU Silvia, DONADELLI Giovanni and NEBBIA, Francesco (eds), Geografie di oggi. Metodi e strategie tra ricerca e didattica, Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2015, pp. 165-179.
ZASADA, Ingo. Multifunctional peri-urban agriculture. A review of societal demands and the provision of goods and services by farming. Land use policy, 2011, n° 28, pp. 639-648.
ZIMMERER, Karl. The Reworking of Conservation Geographies: Nonequilibrium Landscapes and Nature-Society Hybrids. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 2000, vol. 90, n° 2, pp. 356-369.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The content of articles which are published in each edition of Habitat Sustentable, is the exclusive responsibility of the author(s) and does not necessarily represent the thinking or compromise the opinion of University of the Bio-Bio.
The author(s) conserve their copyright and guarantee to the journal, the right of first publication of their work. This will simultaneously be subject to the Creative Commons Recognition License CC BY-SA, which allows others to share-copy, transform or create new materials from this work for non-commercial purposes, as long as they recognize authorship and the first publication in this journal, and its new creations are under a license with the same terms.
