Decay resistance of wood impregnated with monoethanolamine and sodium bisulfite pulping black liquors
Keywords:
Chemical analysis, mechanical strength, Populus nigra, pulping properties, Trametes versicolor, wood preservationAbstract
The efficacy of monoethanolamine and sodium bisulfite pulping black liquors at three concentrations of 1; 1,5 and 2% on the preservation of poplar wood from white rot (Trametes versicolor) was investigated. The wood specimens were impregnated with the black liquors using a full-cell method. The black liquors enhanced the decay resistance without any reduction in mechanical strength, and a remarkable increase was observed at higher concentrations and weight gain percentage. The performance of monoethanolamine black liquor was more pronounced, probably due to lower kappa number and higher pH. The durability class of specimens impregnated with 2% monoethanolamine and sodium bisulfite black liquors improved from 5 (not durable) to 1 (very durable), and from 5 to 3 (moderately durable), respectively. Chemical analysis showed that the presence of additional lignin in wood alters the white rot. Results of anatomical studies showed that the fibers of the control and impregnated wood specimens were collapsed after 16 weeks of incubation. Leaching tests confirmed that the fixation of black liquors in wood should be examined for further studies.
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References
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Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. TAPPI. 2006. Kappa Number of Pulp, TAPPI Standard Test Method. TAPPI T 236om-06.
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AWPA. American Wood-Preservers’ Association Standard. 2006. Use Category System. Biermann, J. 1993. Essentials of Pulping and Papermaking. Academic Press, San Diego.
Cardoso, M.; Oliveira, E.D.; Passos, M.L. 2009. Chemical composition and physical properties of black liquors and their effects on liquor recovery operation in Brazilian pulp mills. Fuel 88: 756-763.
CEN/TS. 2006. Durability of wood and wood-based products, Determination of the natural durability of solid wood against wood-destroying fungi, Test methods, Part 1: Basidiomycetes. CEN/ TS 15083-1.
Chirkova, J.; Anderson, I.; Irbe, I.; Spince, B.; Andersons, B. 2012. Lignin as agents for bioprotection of wood. Holzforschung 65: 497-502.
Delucis, R. D. A.; Cademartori, P. H.G.; Missio, A. L.; Gatto, D.A. 2016. Decay resistance of four fast-growing Eucalypts wood exposed to three types of fields. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 18(1): 33-42.
Durmaza, S.; Erisirb, E.; Yildiza, U.C.; Kurtulusab, O.C. 2015. Using Kraft Black Liquor as A Wood Preservative. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences195: 2177-2180.
Eaton, R.A.; Hale, M.D.C. 1993. Wood: Decay, Pests, and Protection. Chapman and Hall, London.
Ebrahimi, G. 1997. Mechanical strength of wood and its elements and analysis of rocking composite laminate of wood. University of Tehran Press, Tehran.
European Committee for Standardization EN 113. 1996. Wood preservatives, Test method for determining the protective effectiveness against wood destroying basidiomycetes, Determination of the toxic values, Brussels.
European Committee for Standardization EN 84. 1996. Wood preservatives, Accelerated ageing of treated wood prior to biological testing, Leaching procedure, Brussels.
Fackler, K.; Schwanninger, M. 2012. How spectroscopy and microspectroscopy of degraded wood contribute to understand fungal wood decay. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 96: 587-599.
Fidah, A.; Salhi, N.; Rahouti, M.; Kabouchi, B.; Ziani, M.; Aberchane, M.; Famiri, A. 2016. Natural durability of cedrus Atlantica wood related to the bioactivity of its essential oil against wood decaying fungi. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 18(4):567-576.
Highley Terry, L. 1982. Influence of type and amount of lignin on decay by Coriolus versicolor. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 12: 435-438.
Hill, C.A.S.; Farahani, M.R.M.; Hale, M. D. C. 2004. The use of organo alkoxysilane coupling agents for wood preservation. Holzforschung 58: 316-325.
Hingston, J.A.; Collins, C.D.; Murphy, R.J.; Lester, J.N. 2001. Leaching of chromated copper arsenate wood preservatives: a review. Environmental Pollution.111: 53-66.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3133. 1975. wood-determination of ultimate strength in static bending.
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 3349. 1975. Wood -Determination of modulus of elasticity in static bending.
Iulian-Andrei, S.G.; Adina-Mirela, C.; Silviagrama Popa, V.I. 2011. Agents for wood bioprotection based on natural aromatic compounds and their complexes with copper and zinc. Cellulose Chemistry and Tehnology 45: 227-231.
Jo, W.S.; Kang, M.J.; Choi, S.Y.; Yoo, Y.B.; Seok, S.J.; Jung. H.Y. 2010. Culture conditions for mycelia growth of Coriolus versicolor. Mycobiology 38: 195-202.
Jönsson, A.; Nordin, A.; Wallberg, O. 2008. Concentration and purification of lignin in hardwood kraft pulping liquor by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 86: 1271-1280.
Lora, J. H.; Glasser, W.G. 2002. Recent industrial applications of lignin: A sustainable alternative to nonrenewable materials. Journal of Polymers and the Environment 10: 39-48.
Lyon, F.; Thevenon, M.F.; Hwang, W.J.; Imamura, Y.; Gril, J.; Pizzi, A. 2007. Effect of an oil heat treatment on the leachability and biological resistance of boric acid impregnated wood. Annals of Forest Science 64 (6): 673-678.
Mai, C.; Militz H. 2004. Modification of wood with silicon compounds, Treatment systems based on organic silicon compounds - a review. Wood Science and Technology 37: 453-461.
Pan, C.; Ruan, G.; Chen, H.; Zhang, D. 2015. Toxicity of sodium fluoride to subterranean termites and leachability as a wood preservative. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 73: 97-102.
Pizzi, A. 1983. Practical Consequences of the Clarification of the Chemical Mechanism of CCA Fixation to Wood (IRG/WP/3220). The International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Stockholm.
Richardson, B.A. 1993. Wood preservation. Taylor & Francis, London.
Samariha, A.; Khakifirooz, A. 2011. Application of NSSC pulping to sugarcane bagasse. BioResources 6(13): 3313-3323.
Schmidt, O. 2006. Wood and Tree Fungi: Biology, Damage, Protection, and Use. Springer, Berlin.
Sjöström, E. 1993. Wood Chemistry Fundamentals and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego.
Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. TAPPI. 1988. Amount of lignin, TAPPI Standard Test Method. TAPPI. T 222 om-88.
Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. TAPPI. 2015. Holocellulose in Wood, TAPPI Standard Test Method. TAPPI. T9 wd-75.
Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry. TAPPI. 2006. Kappa Number of Pulp, TAPPI Standard Test Method. TAPPI T 236om-06.
Yadav, S.; Gupta, G.; Bhatnagar, R. 2015. A review on composition and properties of bagasse fibers. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 6(5): 143-147.
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Published
2017-10-01
How to Cite
Reza Nayeri, H., Tarmian, A., Abdulkhani, A., & Ebrahimi, G. (2017). Decay resistance of wood impregnated with monoethanolamine and sodium bisulfite pulping black liquors. Maderas. Ciencia Y Tecnología, 19(4), 507–516. Retrieved from https://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/MCT/article/view/2989
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