Fibre morphological variations of some nigerian guinea savannah wood species
Keywords:
Derived values, fibre dimensions, hardwood, pulp and paper making, Runkel RatioAbstract
Fibre morphology of some Nigerian tropical timber species were evaluated to determine their potentials as suitable source of raw material for pulp and paper making. The fibre dimension of the species showed that Syzygium guineense had the longest fibre length (2.0 mm) followed by Anogeissus leiocarpa (1.75 mm) while Albizia zygia had the shortest fibre length of 1.05 mm. Irvingia gabonensis had the largest fibre diameter while Vernonia colorata had the smallest. Vitellaria paradoxa had the widest lumen of 8.87µm while Irvingia gabonensis had the smallest lumen and thickest (6.87µm) cell wall while Vernonia colorata had the thinnest (4.40µm). Albizia zygia had the most slender fibres while Vitellaria paradoxa had the most rigid fibres. All the species had narrow fibre lumens and the cell walls were thick, which may have given poor results to the pulp made from them. The results of the ANOVA showed that there was high significant variation in all the fibre dimensions and the derived values of the species. DMR test showed that no statistical difference existed in the fibre length of Isoberlina doka, Khaya ivorensis and Albizia zygia. However, Vernonia colorata, Irvingia gabonensis and Vitellaria paradoxa had similar fibre length as well as Afzelia africana and Lannea welwitchii. All the species passed the Runkel Ratio < 1 acceptable values for paper making fibre except Vitellaria paradoxa and Anogeissus leiocarpa with RR value of 1.38 and 1.03. Syzygium guineense and Irvingia gabonensis passed FC > 0.55 for an acceptable value for paper making. All the fibres were elastic except Vitellaria paradoxa and Anogeissus leiocarpa.
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References
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Ogunkunle A.T.J.; Oladele, F.A. 2008. Structural Dimensions and Paper Making Potentials of the Wood in Some Nigerian Species of Ficus L. (Moraceae). Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences 2(3): 103-111.
Ogunjobi, K.M.; Adetogun A.C.; Omole A. O. 2014. Assessment of Variation in the Fibre Characteristics of the Wood of Vitex Doniana Sweet and its Suitability for Paper Production. Journal of Research in Forestry Wildlife and Environmental6(1):39 - 51
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Ohshima, J.; Yokota, S.; Yoshizawa, N.; Ona, T. 2005. Examination of within-tree variations and the heights representing whole-tree values of derived wood properties for quasi-non-destructive breeding of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus globulus as quality pulpwood. J Wood Sci 51(2):102-111.
Oluwadare, A.O. 1998. Evaluation of the Fibre and Chemical Properties of Some Selected Nigerian Wood and No-wood species for pulp production. J Trop For Res 14: 110-119.
Oluwadare, A.O.; Sotannde, O.A. 2007. The Relationship Between Fibre Characteristics and Pulp-sheet Properties of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit. Middle-East. Journal of Scientific Research 2(2): 63-68.
Oluwadare, A.O.; Egbewole, Z.T. 2008. Wood Quality Studies in Plantation Grown Steculia (Steculia setigera) in the Guinea Savannah, Nigeria. Research Journal of Forestry2: 22-33.
Osadare, A.O. 2001. Basic wood and pulp properties of Nigerian-grown Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea Morelet) and their relationship with tree growth indices. Ph.D. thesis University of Ibadan. p.347.
Osadare, O.A. 1997. Strategies for long fibre pulp production in Nigeria. Niger J For 24(1-2): 16-20.
Panshin, J.; de Zeeuw, C. 1980. Textbook of wood technology. 4th edition Mc Grawhill: New York, p: 772.
Sadiku, N.A.; Oluyege, A.O.; Ajayi, B. 2016. Fibre dimension and chemical characterisation of naturally grown Bambusa vulgaris for pulp and paper production. J Bamboo and Rattan 15(1-4): 33-43.
Saikia, S.N., Goswami, T.; Ali, F. 1997. Evaluation of pulp and paper making characteristics of certain fast growing plants. Wood Science and Technology 31(6): 467-475.
Sankia, D.G.; Gaswani, T.; Sankia, C.N. 1997. Wild Banana as a Source of Fibre for Paper and Cordage Industries. J Sci Ind Res 54: 408-413.
Uju, C.C.; Ugwoke, C.E. 1997. Studies on the dimensions and suitability of wood fibres of selected tree species of the family Moraceae in papermaking. Nigerian Journal of Botany 10: 7-13.
Volkomer, P.J. 1969. Wood Raw Materials for Pulp and Paper in Tropical Countries. FAO International Review of Forestry and Forest Products. Unasylva 23(3)
Wood, I.M. 1981. The utilization of field crops and crop residues for paper pulp production. Field Crop Abstracts 34: 557-568.
Xu, C. Y.; Wang, H.X.; Zhang, X.Y.; Fu, S.Y.; Wu, J.E. 2006. Lignocellulose Selectivity Degradation of White Rot Fungi in Bamboo. J Microbiol 26: 14-18.
Akgül, M.; Tozluoğlu, A. 2009. Some Chemical and Morphological Properties of Juvenile Woods from Beech (Fagus orientalis L.) and Pine (Pinus nigra A.) Plantations. Trends in APPLIED Sciences Research 4(2): 116-125.
Akachukwu, A.E. 2001. Study of Reaction among some wood features in Hardwood species. Journal of tropical forest resources5:72-78.
American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2007. Preparation of decayed wood for microscopical examination, ASTM D-1413-61. West Conshohocken, PA
American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM. 2007. Standard test method for fiber analysis of paper and paperboard, ASTM D-1030-95. West Conshohocken, PA.
Anon. 1984. Chemical Analysis of Nigerian Grown timbers. Annual Report of the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria. Jan. - Dec., p. 108 - 109.
Awaku, F.A. 1994. Anatomical Properties of Afina (Strombosia glaucescens, var Lucida J. Leonard). Ghana Journal of Forestry 1:30-33.
Bektas, I.; Tutus, A.; Eroglu, H. 1999. A study of the suitability of Calabrian Pine (Pinus burtia, Jen) for pulp and paper manufacture. Turk. J Agri For 23(3):589-597.
Brindha, D.; Vinodhini, S.; Alarmelumangai, K. 2012. Fiber dimension and chemical contents of fiber from passiflora foetida, l. And their suitability in paper production. Science Research Reporter 2(3): 210-219.
Dinwoodie, J.M. 1965. The relationship between fibre morphology and paper properties of: A Review of Literature. Tappi 48: 440-447.
Ezeibekwe, I.O.; Okeke, S.E.; Unamba, C.I.; Ohaeri, J.C. 2009. An Investigation into the potentials of Dactyladenia bacteri; Dialum guineense; and Anthonotama crophylia for Paper Pulp Production. Report and Opinion 1(4): 18-25.
Fengel, D.; Wegener, G. 1989. Wood Chemistry, Ultrastructure, Reactions. 2nd Edition, Walter de Gruyter: Berlin.
Hurter, A.M. 1988. Utilization of annual plants and agricultural residues for the production of pulp and paper. In: Proceedings of TAPPI pulping conference. New Orleans, LA, USA, Book1. TAPPI Press: Atlanta, GA. p.139-160.
Hurter, R.W. 2001. Agricultural Fibers for Paper pulp. Outlook on Agriculture 8(3): 96-103.
Illvessalo-Pfaffli, M.S. 1995. Fibre atlas. Identification of Papermaking fibres. Springer - Verlag: Berlin, p.400.
Istas, J.R.; Heremans, R.; Roekelboom, E.L. 1954. Caracteres Generaux De Bois Feuillus Du Congo Belge En Relation Avec Leur Utilization Dans I 'industrie Des Pates A Paper: Etude Detaillee De Quelques Essences. Serie Technique, No. 43. Gembloux: INEAC.
Jaiyeola, A.A.; Aworinde, D.O.; Folorunso, A.E. 2009. Use of wood characters in the identification of selected timber species in Nigeria. - Notul. Bot. Horti Agrobot. Cluj-Napoca Inst. Agron “Dr. Petru Groza” 37(2): 28-32.
Kpikpi, W.M. 1992. Wood structure and paper-making potentials of Ricinodendron heudelotti and Albizia zygia in relation to Gmelina arborea. Niger J Bot 5: 41-50.
Kpikpi, W.M.; Olatunji, A.O. 1990. Wood Anatomy Consideration in Deciding the Suitability of Some Nigerian Hardwoods for Pulp and Paper Production. Nigerian J Bot 3: 137-150.
Mcdougall, G.J.; Morrison, I.M.; Stewart, D.; Weyers, J.D.B.; Hillman, J.R. 1993. Plant fibers -botany, chemistry and processing for industrial use. J Sci Food Agric 62: 1-20.
Metcalfe, C.R.; Chalk, L. 1983. Anatomy of the dicotyledons 2, 2. Nordic Journal of Botany 4(5): 668-668.
Ogbonnaya, C.I.; Roy-Macauley, H.; Nwalozie M.C.; Annerose, D.J.M. 1997. Physical and histochemical properties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) grown under water deficit on a sandy soil. Industrial Crops Product 7: 9-18.
Ogunkunle A.T.J. 2010. A Quantitative Modelling of Pulp and Paper Making Suitability of Nigerian Wood Species. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1): 14-21.
Ogunkunle A.T.J.; Oladele, F.A. 2008. Structural Dimensions and Paper Making Potentials of the Wood in Some Nigerian Species of Ficus L. (Moraceae). Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences 2(3): 103-111.
Ogunjobi, K.M.; Adetogun A.C.; Omole A. O. 2014. Assessment of Variation in the Fibre Characteristics of the Wood of Vitex Doniana Sweet and its Suitability for Paper Production. Journal of Research in Forestry Wildlife and Environmental6(1):39 - 51
Ogunwusi, A.A. 2002. Wood properties of Sterculia setigera forming in the savanna belt of Nigeria. Niger J For 32(1): 50-55.
Ohshima, J.; Yokota, S.; Yoshizawa, N.; Ona, T. 2005. Examination of within-tree variations and the heights representing whole-tree values of derived wood properties for quasi-non-destructive breeding of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Eucalyptus globulus as quality pulpwood. J Wood Sci 51(2):102-111.
Oluwadare, A.O. 1998. Evaluation of the Fibre and Chemical Properties of Some Selected Nigerian Wood and No-wood species for pulp production. J Trop For Res 14: 110-119.
Oluwadare, A.O.; Sotannde, O.A. 2007. The Relationship Between Fibre Characteristics and Pulp-sheet Properties of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit. Middle-East. Journal of Scientific Research 2(2): 63-68.
Oluwadare, A.O.; Egbewole, Z.T. 2008. Wood Quality Studies in Plantation Grown Steculia (Steculia setigera) in the Guinea Savannah, Nigeria. Research Journal of Forestry2: 22-33.
Osadare, A.O. 2001. Basic wood and pulp properties of Nigerian-grown Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea Morelet) and their relationship with tree growth indices. Ph.D. thesis University of Ibadan. p.347.
Osadare, O.A. 1997. Strategies for long fibre pulp production in Nigeria. Niger J For 24(1-2): 16-20.
Panshin, J.; de Zeeuw, C. 1980. Textbook of wood technology. 4th edition Mc Grawhill: New York, p: 772.
Sadiku, N.A.; Oluyege, A.O.; Ajayi, B. 2016. Fibre dimension and chemical characterisation of naturally grown Bambusa vulgaris for pulp and paper production. J Bamboo and Rattan 15(1-4): 33-43.
Saikia, S.N., Goswami, T.; Ali, F. 1997. Evaluation of pulp and paper making characteristics of certain fast growing plants. Wood Science and Technology 31(6): 467-475.
Sankia, D.G.; Gaswani, T.; Sankia, C.N. 1997. Wild Banana as a Source of Fibre for Paper and Cordage Industries. J Sci Ind Res 54: 408-413.
Uju, C.C.; Ugwoke, C.E. 1997. Studies on the dimensions and suitability of wood fibres of selected tree species of the family Moraceae in papermaking. Nigerian Journal of Botany 10: 7-13.
Volkomer, P.J. 1969. Wood Raw Materials for Pulp and Paper in Tropical Countries. FAO International Review of Forestry and Forest Products. Unasylva 23(3)
Wood, I.M. 1981. The utilization of field crops and crop residues for paper pulp production. Field Crop Abstracts 34: 557-568.
Xu, C. Y.; Wang, H.X.; Zhang, X.Y.; Fu, S.Y.; Wu, J.E. 2006. Lignocellulose Selectivity Degradation of White Rot Fungi in Bamboo. J Microbiol 26: 14-18.
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Published
2019-04-01
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Aderinsola Sadiku, N., & Kafilat Adejoke, A. (2019). Fibre morphological variations of some nigerian guinea savannah wood species. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol, 21(2), 239–248. Retrieved from https://revistas.ubiobio.cl/index.php/MCT/article/view/3374
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