Prediction of surface roughness of CO2 laser modified poplar wood via response surface methodology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2022000100442Keywords:
Laser, poplar wood, response surface methodology, surface roughness, thermal treatmentAbstract
Due to the advantages of short treatment period, no wastewater and oil produced, the CO2 laser is applied as an environment friendly thermal treatment for wood materials to improve the wood properties, such as appearance, color and wettability, etc. However, the morphological features of treated wood surface are also changed, which have negative effects on wooden product properties. To reveal the change tendency of surface roughness during laser irradiation, the common indexes of average roughness (Ra) and mean peak-to-valley height (Rz) were chosen to evaluate the surface roughness. The response surface methodology was selected to arrange the experiments and analyze the influences of laser parameters on surface roughness. The results showed that the poplar wood got rougher with the increased laser power, but the surface roughness decreased with increased feed speed and path spacing, due to the total heat absorption varied under different combination of laser parameters. The ANOVA results showed that the selected quadratic models for Ra∥, Rz∥, Ra⊥ and Rz⊥were significant due to the values of probability value (“Prob>F”) less than 0,05. In this case, all the input laser parameters were also the significant model terms for variation of surface roughness. The values of correlation coefficient were very close to 1, which meant the selected quadratic models could give accurate prediction of surface roughness for laser treated wood. Therefore, it is of great significance to predict the surface roughness of the modified wood surface scientifically and to guide the selection of reasonable modification process parameters.
Downloads
References
Candan, Z.; Büyüksarı, U.; Korkut, S.; Unsal, O.; Çakıcıer, N. 2012. Wettability and surface roughness of thermally modified plywood panels. Ind Crops Prod 36(1): 434-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.10.010.
Candan, Z.; Hiziroglu, S.; McDonald, A.G. 2010. Surface quality of thermally compressed Douglas fir veneer. Mater Des 31(7): 3574-3577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.02.003.
Cao, Y.; Wang, X.; Li, Y.; Shen, D.; Dai, Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, W. 2020. Effect of high temperature oil heat treatment on the starch content and mold-resistant property of bamboo. J For Eng 5(02): 109-115. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10086-021-01959-7
Cavalcanti, A.N.; Pilecki, P.; Foxton, R.M.; Watson, T.F.; Oliveira, M.T.; Gianinni, M.; Marchi, G.M. 2009. Evaluation of the surface roughness and morphologic features of Y-TZP ceramics after different surface treatments. Photomed Laser Surg 27(3): 473-479. https://doi.org/10.1089/pho.2008.2293.
Chen, C.; Cheng, R. 2014. Research Progress in Modified Fast Growing Poplar Wood. For Eng 30(5): 27-29. https://doi.org/10.16270/j.cnki.slgc.2014.05.005.
Chen, L. 2018. Analysis of heat treatment of wood surface roughness and morphology. Inter Wood Ind 48(6): 54-59. https://doi.org/10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.201905016.
Dilik, T.; Hiziroglu, S. 2012. Bonding strength of heat treated compressed Eastern redcedar wood. Mater Des 42: 317-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.05.050.
Fang, L.; Xiong, X.; Wang, X.; Chen, H.; Mo, X. 2017. Effects of surface modification methods on mechanical and interfacial properties of high-density polyethylene-bonded wood veneer composites. J Wood Sci 63(1): 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-016-1589-9.
Gao, Y.; Li, Y.; Ren, R.; Chen, Y.; Gao, J. 2021. Effect of weak acid modification on the structure and properties of heat-treated Chinese fir. J For Eng 6(4): 49-55. https://doi.org/10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202011008.
Guo, X.; Deng, M.; Hu, Y.; Wang, Y.; Ye, T. 2021. Morphology, mechanism and kerf variation during CO2 laser cutting pine wood. J Manuf Process 68: 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2021.05.036.
Gurau, L.; Petru, A.; Varodi, A.; Timar, M.C. 2017. The Influence of CO2 Laser Beam Power Output and Scanning Speed on Surface Roughness and Colour Changes of Beech (Fagus sylvatica). Bioresources 12(4): 7395-7412. https://doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.7395-7412.
Hazir, E.; Koc, K.H. 2019. Optimization of wood machining parameters in cnc routers: taguchi orthogonal array based simulated angling algorithm. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 21(4): 493-510. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2019005000406.
Kačík, F.; Kubovský, I. 2011. Chemical changes of beech wood due to CO2 laser irradiation. J Photochem Photobiol A: Chem 222(1): 105-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.05.008.
Kaygin, B.; Koc, K.H.; Hiziroglu, S. 2014. Surface quality and hardness of eastern redcedar as function of steaming. J Wood Sci 60(4): 243-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10086-014-1399-x.
Kubovský, I.; Kacik, F. 2013. Changes of the wood surface colour induced by CO2 laser and its duralibity after the xenon lamp exposure. Wood Res 58(4): 581-590.
Kúdela, J.; Kubovský, I.; Andrejko, M. 2020. Surface Properties of Beech Wood after CO2 Laser Engraving. Coatings 10(1): 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010077.
Li, R.; Fang, L.; Xu, W.; Xiong, X.; Wang, X. 2019a. Effect of Laser Irradiation on the Surface Wettability of Poplar Wood. Sci Adv Mater 11(5): 655-660. https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2019.3450.
Li, R.; Fang, L.; Xu, W.; Xiong, X.; Wang, X.A. 2019b. Effect of Laser Irradiation on the Surface Wettability of Poplar Wood. Sci Adv Mater 11(5): 655-660. https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2019.3450.
Li, R.; He, C.; Chen, Y.; Meng, F. 2021a. Research progress on laser surface treatment of wood materials. J For Eng 6(2): 31-39. https://doi.org/10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202004002.
Li, R.; He, C.; Chen, Y.; Wang, X. 2021b. Effects of laser parameters on the width of color change area of poplar wood surface during a single irradiation. Eur J Wood Wood Prod 79(5): 1109-1116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-021-01706-1.
Li, R.; Xu, W.; Wang, X.; Wang, C. 2018. Modeling and predicting of the color changes of wood surface during CO2 laser modification. J Clean Prod 183: 818-823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.02.194.
Li, W.; Zhang, Z.; Peng, X.; Li, B. 2017. The influences of circular saws with sawteeth of mic-zero-degree radial clearance angles on surface roughness in wood rip sawing. Ann For Sci 74(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-017-0632-3.
Liu, Y.; Hu, J.; Wu, Z. 2020. Fabrication of coatings with structural color on a wood surface. Coatings 10(1): 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10010032.
Ma, H.; Jiang, Z.; Ren, H.; Zhao, R. 2010. Surface properties of bleached and heat treated bamboo. Scientia Silvae Sinicae 46(11): 131-137.
Shi, J.; Chen, H.; Ye, J.; Zhang, Y.; Wu, Z.; Zhan, X. 2021. Properties of poplar veneer and plywood modified by in-situ synthesis of CaCO3. J For Eng: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202107002.
Shukla, S.R. 2019. Evaluation of dimensional stability, surface roughness, colour, flexural properties and decay resistance of thermally modified Acacia auriculiformis. Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 21(4): 433-446. https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-221x2019005000401.
Stat-Ease. 2011. USA. https://www.statease.com/
Ulker, O.; Hiziroglu, S. 2017. Some properties of densified eastern redcedar as function of heat and pressure. Materials 10(11): 1275. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10111275.
Wu, X.; Yang, F.; Gan, J.; Kong, Z.; Wu, Y. 2021. A Superhydrophobic, Antibacterial, and Durable Surface of Poplar Wood. Nanomaterials 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11081885.
Xiong, X.; Yuan, Y.; Zhang, L.; Wu, Z. 2020. Research on the Effects of Roughness on the Tactile Properties of Rice Straw Particleboard Surface. Sci Adv Mater 12(6): 795-801. https://doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3741.
Yang, S.; Fu, Y.; Yan, T.; Chen, Y. 2021. Effect of high temperature heat-treatment on the chemical properties of Swietenia macrophylla. J For Eng 6(02): 120-125. https://doi.org/10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202006016.
Yuan, W.; Zhang, L.; Liu, Y.; Fu, P.; Huang, Y.; Wang, L.; Ma, H.; Wang, H. 2020. Sulfide removal and water recovery from ethylene plant spent caustic by suspension crystallization and its optimization via response surface methodology. J Clean Prod 242: 118439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118439.
Zhan, T.; Sun, F.; Lv, C.; He, Q.; Wang, X.; Xu, K.; Zhang, Y.; Cai, L. 2019. Evaluation of moisture diffusion in lignocellulosic biomass in steady and unsteady states by a dynamic vapor sorption apparatus. Holzforschung 73(12): 1113-1119. https://doi.org/10.1515/hf-2019-0063.
Zhang, Y.; Shi, J.; Ye, J.; Chen, H.; Wu, Z.; Zhan, X. 2021. Preparation and performance of hydrophobic thermal insulation plywood for household. J For Eng 6(6): 190-196. https://doi.org/10.13360/j.issn.2096-1359.202012029.
Zhu, Z.; Buck, D.; Cao, P.; Guo, X.; Wang, J. 2020a. Assessment of Cutting Forces and Temperature in Tapered Milling of Stone–Plastic Composite Using Response Surface Methodology. JOM 72(11): 3917-3925. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-020-04368-1.
Zhu, Z.; Buck, D.; Guo, X.; Cao, P.; Wang, J. 2020b. Cutting performance in the helical milling of stone-plastic composite with diamond tools. CIRP J Manuf Sci Technol 31: 119-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2020.10.005.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de Reconocimiento de Creative Commons CC-BY que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
