Weathering characteristics of impregnated and coated calabrian pine wood
Keywords:
Adhesion strength, Calabrian pine impregnation, surface hardness, surface roughness, varnish, weathering performanceAbstract
This study was designed to investigate the weathering characteristics of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia) wood. The wood specimens were impregnated with some copper-based chemicals and then varnish coated. As copper-based chemicals, Celcure C4, Korasit KS, and Tanalith E 8000 were used for impregnation. Polyurethane varnish (PV) and water-based varnish (WBV) were used as coating materials. Firstly, Calabrian pine wood was impregnated with 2,5 % and 5 % aqueous solutions of chemicals then coated with polyurethane varnish and WBV. Impregnated and coated Calabrian pine wood specimens were subjected to 6 months of natural weathering in Mugla, Turkey. After weathering; surface hardness, surface roughness, and adhesion strength changes of Calabrian pine wood specimens were determined. Impregnation caused to increase in surface hardness values of Calabrian pine. Surface hardness increases of water-based varnish coated Calabrian pine specimens were higher than polyurethane varnish coated Calabrian pine specimens. Impregnation resulted in higher surface roughness values of Calabrian pine specimens. Polyurethane varnish coated Calabrian pine specimens gave higher surface roughness than water-based varnish coated Calabrian pine specimens. The adhesion strength values of all treatment groups were decreased after weathering. In general, adhesion strength decreases of water-based varnish coated Calabrian pine specimens were higher than that of polyurethane varnish coated Calabrian pine specimens. The concentration levels of chemicals did not have a significant effect on surface roughness and adhesion strength of Calabrian pine wood after weathering.
Downloads
References
American Society for Testing and Materials. 1976. ASTM D 1413–76: Standard Methods of Testing Wood Preservatives by Laboratory Soilblock Cultures. ASTM International. West Conshohocken, PA, USA. https://www.astm.org/Standards/D1413.htm
American Society for Testing and Materials. 2016. ASTM D-4366: Standard Test Methods for Hardness of Organic Coatings by Pendulum Test. ASTM International. West Conshohocken, PA, USA. https://standards.globalspec.com/std/10151454/ASTM%20D4366
American Society for Testing and Materials. 2017. ASTM D3023-98: Standard Practice for Determination of Resistance of Factory Applied Coatings on Wood Products to Stains and Reagents. ASTM International. West Conshohocken, PA, USA.
https://www.astm.org/Standards/D3023.htm
American Society for Testing and Materials. 1970. ASTM D358-55: Standard specification for wood to be used panels in weathering tests of paints and varnishes.
American Society for Testing and Materials. ASTM International. West Conshohocken, PA, USA. https://www.astm.org
American Society for Testing and Materials. 2017. ASTM D-4541: Standard Test Method for Pull-off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers. ASTM International. West Conshohocken, PA, USA. https://www.astm.org/Standards/D4541.htm.
Baysal, E. 2008. Some physical properties of varnish coated wood preimpregnated with copper chromated boron (CCB) after 3 months of weathering exposure in Southern Eagen Sea Region. Wood Res 53(1): 43-54. http://www.woodresearch.sk/wr/200801/04.pdf
Baysal, E.; Tomak, E.D.; Ozbey, M.; Altin, E. 2014. Surface properties of impregnated and varnished Scots pine wood after accelerated weathering. Color Technol 130(2): 140-146. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12070
Bucur, V. 2011. Delamination in wood, Wood products and wood-based composites. Springer Science & Business Media.Berlin, Germany. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3571423
Budakci, M. 2003. Design and production of a new adhesion testing device and its utilization with testing of wood varnishes. Ph.D. Thesis, Gazi University Institute of Science, Ankara, Turkey, 178 p (in Turkish).
Budakci, M.; Atar, M. 2001. Effects of bleaching process on hardness and glossiness of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) exposed to outdoor conditions. Turk J Agri For 25: 201-207. https://www.academia.edu/32388804/Effects_of_Bleaching_Process_on_Hardness_and_Glossiness_of_Pine_Wood_Pinus_sylvestris_L_._Exposed_to_0utdoor_Conditions
Budakci, M.; Sonmez, A. 2010. Determining adhesion strength of some wood varnishes on different wood surfaces. GUJEAF 25(1): 111-118.
Freeman, M.H.; McIntyre, C.R. 2008. A comprehensive review of copper based wood: with a focus on new micronized or dispersed copper systems. For Prod J 58(11): 6-27.
Grelier, S.; Castellan, A.; Kamdem, D.P. 2000. Photo-protection of copper amine treated pine. Wood Fib Sci 32(2): 196-202. https://wfs.swst.org/index.php/wfs/article/view/240
Gunduz, A.; Baysal, E.; Turkoglu, T.; Kucuktuvek, M.; Altay, C.; Peker, H.; Toker, H. 2019. Accelerated weathering performance of Scots pine preimpregnated with copper based chemials before varnish coating. Part II: coated with water based varnish. Wood Res 64(6): 987-998. http://www.woodresearch.sk/wr/201906/06.pdf
Gunduz, A.; Baysal, E.; Turkoglu, T.; Altay, C.; Kucuktuvek, M.; Toker, H.; Peker, H. 2020. Accelerated weathering performance of Scots pine preimpregnated with copper based chemials before varnish coating. Part I: coated with cellulosic and polyurethane varnish. Color Techol 136(1): 34-44. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12435
Gunduz, A. 2018. Determination of the effects of copper based chemicals on the performance of varnishes in accelerated- aging. Master Thesis, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Institute of Science, Mugla, Turkey, 108 p (in Turkish).
Hemel. 2020. https://hemel.com.tr/tr/urunler/endustriyelemprenye/tanalith#.X42AOozbcs
Kamdem, D.P.; Pizzi, A.; Jermannaud, A. 2002. Durability of heat-treated wood. Holz Roh-Werks 60(1): 1-6. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00107-001-0261-1.pdf
Keskin, H.; Atar, M.; Korkut, S.; Korkut, D.S. 2011. Impact of impregnation with Imersol Aqua on the surface adhesion strength of synthetic, acrylic, polyurethane, and water-based varnishes. Pig Res Techol 40(3): 154-160. https://doi.org/10.1108/03699421111130414
Khalil, H.P.S.A.; Bhat, I.H.; Awang, K.B.; Bakare, I.O.; Issam, A.M. 2010. Effect of weathering on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of chemically modified wood materials. Mater Des 31(9): 4363-4368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2010.03.045
Kilic, A.; Hafizoglu, H. 2007. Influences of weathering on chemical structure of wood and protection treatments. SDUFFJ (2): 175-183. http://acikerisim.isparta.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/123456789/3814
Nejad, M.; Cooper, P. 2011. Exterior wood coatings. Part-1: performance of semitransparent stains on preservative-treated wood. J Coat Technol 8(4): 449–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-011-9332-3
Ors, Y.; Keskin, H. 2001. Wood Technology. 1. Print, Nobel Academic Pubishing, Ankara, Turkey. (in Turkish).
Rowell, R.M. 2005. Handbook of wood chemistry and wood composites. 1st Edition, CRC Press, Florida, USA. https://www.crcpress.com/Handbook-of-Wood-Chemistry-and-Wood-Composites/Rowell/p/book/9781439853801
Senkron. 2020. https://www.ahsap.com/urunler/emprenye/maddeler/naturewood
TeknoMarin. 2020. http://www.teknomarin.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/
Temiz, A. 2005. The effect of simulated weathering on preservative treated wood. Ph.D. Thesis, Karadeniz Technical University Institute of Science, Trabzon, Turkey, 228 p (in Turkish).
Temiz, A.; Yıldız, U.C.; Aydın, İ.; Eikenes, M.; Alfredsen, G.; Colakoglu, G. 2005. Surface roughness and colour characteristics of wood treated with preservatives after accelerated weathering test. Appl Surf Sci 250(1-4): 35-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.12.019
Toker, H.; Baysal, E.; Kesik, H.I. 2009. Surface characteristics of wood pre-impregnated with borates before varnish coating. For Prod J 59(7-8): 43-46. http://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=US201301690868.
Turkoglu, T.; Baysal, E.; Toker, H. 2015a. The effects of natural weathering on color stability of impregnated and varnished wood materials. Adv Mater Sci Eng Article ID 526570. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/526570
Turkoglu, T.; Baysal, E.; Kureli; I.; Toker, H.; Ergun, M.E. 2015b. The effects of natural weathering on hardness and gloss of impregnated and varnished Scots pine and Oriental beech wood. Wood Res 60(5): 833-844. http://www.woodresearch.sk/wr/201505/15.pdf
International Organization for Standardization. 2006. ISO 4624: Paints and Varnishes-Pull-off Test for Adhesion. London, United Kingdom.
https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:4624:ed-3:v1:en
Ustun, S. 2019. Physical properties of Scots pine impregnated with copper based chemicals in weathering conditions and effects of impregnation with copper based chemicals before varnish coating on physical properties of Scots pine after natural weathering. Master Thesis, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Institute of Science, Mugla, Turkey, 78 p (in Turkish).
Varkim. 2020. https://www.varkim.com.tr/?page_id=3044
Yakin, M. 2001. Effects of the resistance to adhesion, glossy and hardness at the waterborne varnishes, Master Thesis, Gazi University Institute of Science, Ankara, Turkey. 124 p (in Turkish).
Yalinkilic, M.K.; Imamura, Y.; Takahashi, M.; Ilhan, R.; Yalinkilic, A.C.; Demirci, Z. 1999. FTIR studies of the effects of outdoor exposure on varnish coated wood pretreated with CCB or water repellents. J Coat Techol 71: 103-112. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02697928.pdf
Zhang, J.; Kandem, D.P.; Temiz, A. 2009. Weathering of copper-amine treated wood. Appl Surf Sci 256: 842-846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.08.071
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de Reconocimiento de Creative Commons CC-BY que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
